1. xz400水平定向钻机使用方法
行楷又称“汉字行楷手写体字形”，是偏重于楷书书写笔法，比楷书行笔自由，又比行草规正的行书字体。是汉字在楷书基础上简约书写笔画、增强书写映带、表现书写意趣的实用性字体。行楷最大的优势在于实用性极强，书写速度快、易识易学。
行楷特点
行笔轻盈
书写楷书，运笔稳实、缓慢，笔画讲究工整、挺健。书写行楷，运笔轻松、便捷，线条追求流畅、明快。
点画灵动
书写楷书，笔画造型完整，点画之间呼应关系含蓄。书写行楷，点画活泼，连带显露，点、钩、挑等动感笔画明显增多。
字形多变
楷书的字形平正端庄，通篇整齐均匀，相映如一。行楷字的字形变化多姿，通篇大小相间，正敧相错，同一个字可以有多种写法。
硬笔行楷
姿势
坐姿
推荐的坐姿：头正、肩平、臂开、足安；眼离纸一尺高，手离笔尖一寸长，胸离桌子拳头，推荐坐姿如下图。
握姿
推荐的握姿：拇指、食指捏住笔，中指抵住笔杆底；余下两指紧相依，指离笔尖一寸余；五指配合齐用力，不松不紧最适宜，推荐握姿如下图。
工具
选笔
1、钢笔
钢笔的地位在硬笔练字中处于不可撼动的地位，较强表现力可以反映出毛笔的效果。关于练习钢笔的选择，我们可以遵从以下原则：
（1）不使用美工笔。美工笔不利于稳定练习；
（2）不使用写起来不适的钢笔。比如出现堵笔、洇墨、摩阻过大等问题；
（3）不使用过贵的钢笔。在成本练字的过程相对耗笔，尽量做到成本控制，贵的笔对练字本身没有太实质性的帮助。
中性笔
中性笔有稳定、表现力强、便宜、便捷、书写舒适等优点，是一种相对完美的笔。不止在此次行楷练习试验中，日常生活中，大多数人更愿意使用0.5中性笔。
中性笔的挑选可以遵从如下原则：
（1）书写流度。笔触顺骨，笔画饱满，墨色均匀；
（2）握笔舒适度。长时间书写不会有过于明显累手、压迫感；
（3）墨干燥速度。书写时不会被谱黑就行。
3、其他笔
除了钢笔和中性笔，其他笔类都可以进行练字。种类繁多，最为常见的有铅笔，圆珠笔等。不一定局限于某种笔。
字帖
分类
字帖大体可分为三类：（1）笔画结构详解类（2）集字类（3）语录文章类。初学者可以购入三类字帖分别一本，有一定基础者可以购入后两类字帖各一本，基础扎实者可购最后一类字帖。行楷定型试验于2019年6月10日启动，2019年10月24日初步定型，所用字帖为荆霄鹏的《实用行楷字帖》（图1)、《林徽因语录行楷》（图2)。《实用行楷字帖》属于集字类，《林徽因语录行楷》属于语录文章类。
图1
图2
推荐字帖
当代有大量优秀行楷字帖，比如吴玉生、田英章、钱沛云等人的行（楷）字帖。
昊玉生的行楷字站：《怎样写好写快规范字》《公务员汉字书写5500字》、《古文观止》、《硬笔行书红楼梦诗词》等。
田英章的行（楷）字帖：《钢笔行书实用技法字帖》、《漂亮字的快写技巧（行书）》、《现代汉语常用3500字（行书）》等。
钱沛云的行（楷）字帖：《钱沛云硬笔书法技巧》《钱市云教你写好硬笔行书》等。
对于字站的选择需要根据自己的喜好，但是也要避雷。
选择字帖三不选：不选折凹槽类字帖；不选手写体类字帖；不选大幅度描红类字帖。
纸
练习纸种类繁多，常见的有回宫格、米字格、田字格、空白格、横线格、竖线格等等，练习纸的选择也需依据自己的基础，初学尽量选择辅助线多的回宫格、米字格等，随着阶段的变化，练习纸也应该有所改变以减少辅助，达到科学练习的目的。按时间顺序，不止使用了米字格纸、田字格纸、空白格纸、横线纸、竖线纸、白纸。
重点：从脱离米字格到白纸，练字整个过程都贯穿着田字格纸的巩固练习，不属于完全转换状态。
另外，有以下几个点可以注意：
（1）当没有问题的笔墨写在纸上产生洇墨、阻力大等类问题，建议换纸。
（2）不要使用线格过小的纸，选择写起来有种自然舒适状态的纸。
（3）不要刻意追求“好”纸，硬笔行楷的练习对纸的要求较低。
练字内容
从欣赏一幅书法作品的角度，至少会从章法、结构、笔画（划）三方面进行解读，这三方面即是要练字的内容。
章法
章法是安排布置整幅作品中，字与字、行与行之间呼应、照顾等关系的方法，它着重于字与字之间、行与行之间的协调。章法包含着字形大小、字距远近、字态正奇、黑白分布、落款铃印等，利用这些手段可以使众多单字在特定的风格下形成一种和谐稳定美观又不失趣味的作品。
结构
结构是字内各笔画长短、粗细、疏密、布局等。汉字从结构上分有独体字与合体字两大类。从结构形式看，合体字分为七种，即上下结构、上中下结构、左右结构、左中右结构、半包围结构、全包围结构和品字形结构，巧妙地组织笔画让笔画布局合理，传达的视觉效果越好。
笔画（划）
永字反映出了“点、横、竖、撇、捺、提、折、钩”八个基本笔画。笔尖与纸面接触的痕迹，反映出笔画力度、角度、粗细、曲直等。笔画作为练字的起点，是最基础也是最核心的，务必加倍重视。
练字方式
临摹字帖是当下练字最有效的途径，但是部分人在临摹之前往往忽略了一个前提：读帖。将练字方法分解为三个部分：读帖、摹写、临写。
读帖
读帖需要分析字帖范字的笔画、结构、章法。读帖是一个发挥主观能动性的过程，初步练习时应更多的注重笔画的长短、粗细、徐疾、轻重，笔画之间的俯仰、向背、离合、呼应，字的大小、方圆、高矮、宽窄等等。仔细领会字帖的点画形质、间架结构、气韵神采，才能下笔准确。对同一字帖而言，应从其点画开始，观察其起笔、行笔、收笔如何完成以及同一类笔画之间的细小差别等，再到观察毎个字的间架结构、位置布局和章法，最后则是体味字站的气韵神采、风格特点，为准确地临写做好准备。对不同字帖而言，就比如不止选择的两本字帖，往往起到一个相辅相成的作用，为了解一个字体作好充分的准备。经过观察，不止使用的行楷字帖，不像古帖变化较多，容易学习，方便掌握。
摹写
市面上流通的大多数摹写字帖采用透明度较高的硫酸纸覆盖在字帖上，按照影子描写（或者猫红）。当你开始使用摹写时前也要详细的读帖，做到心中有数。摹写过程中，尽量与原帖的用笔一致，单字书写一气呵成，不可存在먹笔填笔等问题。摹写有利有弊，不止认为摹写存在降低主观能动性的嫌疑，故整个练字试验过程都没有使用摹写。
临写
临写根据要求的不同可分为对临、背临和意临。
1、对临
可将字帖置于视角左侧或前端，便于准确观察。随着练字形式的多样化，对临时关于字帖的摆放只要适用于自己即可，可通过裁剪字帖放大观察范围，不必拘泥形式。基于读帖，写完后再将自己写的与字帖仔细对照分析，找到不足做出标记，再次临写，循环练习直到与字帖的字高度相以。临写时不可看一笔写一笔。
2、背临
在读帖，摹写，对临这些过程中，应当有所思索、有所比较、有所记忆，将字帖熟记于心，合帖临写，通过背临这种方式来检验自己是否熟练，这种方式就好比背语文课文，作为一种检查手段的同时，也是在巩固字体的练习，以形成记忆模式，达到一种出笔即像的境界。有部分练习者对照字帖能写得很好，一旦离开字站，不管是字形还是结构都降了层次，这就是因为没有使用好背临这一招。学习一个字体最后目的就是要将帖上字化为已用，想要到达这一目的，背临是必经的过程。背临还有两种形式：空背临和心背临。由于这两种方式不存在使用工具、时间、环境等的要求，完全可以利用碎片时间进行练习与巩固。空背临可用手指、木棍等工具在空中、地上或身上，通过记忆比照字帖写。心背临即在心里描摹字帖，在脑中再现每一笔每一画，这种方式适合睡觉前时用。
3、意临
在临写时注入了自己的主观意识，意临是由临摹过渡到创作的必经之路。诸多初学者存在一个问题：练字时喜欢掺杂自己的意识，这是一种正常的现象，但是也是要趁早正视解决的问题，到达意临这个阶段才开始融入主观思维，切不可过早掺入。意临可从为两种，第一种是在原帖字体风格的基础上，使用自己的笔法或结体特征来表现；第二种是在自己字体风格的基础上，使用原站的笔法和结体特征来适应自己的“意”。
注意事项
三种练字方法的合理利用才能在练字过程取得一个不错的效率，需要我们注意如下几点：
1、多临少摹
不止在为期四个多月的练习期间不采用摹写是因为降低了主观能动性。将摹写与临写进行有机结合，以临写为主、摹写为辅的方式取长补短，未必不是一种好的方法。
2、循序渐进
一般而言，从摹写到临写，各项练习方法应当有效穿插，相互作为辅助关系。
3、先专后博
比如不止选择的两本字帖，先《实用行楷字帖》，后《林数因语录行楷》，两本字帖虽然都是荆香鹏的字，但有差别。先打好基础，解决好笔画结构，再进入长篇幅的练习。同时也可以找书家其他字帖，进行广泛吸收。
4、点面结合
在练习前期，笔画与结构的练习往往是结合在一起。由于诸多现代字帖制作是由字体库生成，相同的字没有变化，极有利于练习（也有弊端，不够灵动）。练习中后期，笔画、结构、章法相互穿插练习，可以进行通临，形成面到点，点到面的良性循环。
5、讲究实效
练字不是抄字，做事要做有用功，每一笔、每一字都需要精益求精，不求数量求质量。当今生活节奏过快，部分人练习时总想急于求成，练字不是一朝一夕的事，讲究效率的同时也要注重坚持。
行楷技巧
连写笔画
写行楷书，往往将相邻的笔画连写，以方便书写。
引用草书
为增强行书的流动笔意，注重牵丝连带，调节行气，也可以把人们比较熟悉的草字直接串写在行楷书中。
简化字形
行楷书书写时，由于连写笔画，可以适当减少笔画数、简化了字形，使书写更加便捷。
改变笔顺
行楷书为了连写方便，有一些字改变了楷书的笔画顺序。总体上要保证美感，章法布局上要讲究错落有致，空间布白。
略带斜势
行楷书在书写时，为行笔连带方便，横可以大幅度上斜，字形略带斜势，自成新的体势。
大小相间
行楷书在排行书写时，字形大小，随其自然，大小相间，使行气更加流畅自然。
章法布局排列
字的大小讲究有大有小，错落有致，相得益彰，这样能够使整体更加美观大方。
规律技巧
左短右长
是指左部偏旁较右部要短、而且小。书写时，左部要写小、并略靠上一些，为右部写宽长一些留出位置。这类字的右部往往有撇画向左部的下方伸展，要恰到好处，不能伸的太长。比如：听、作、观等。
左高右低
点竖对正
指在一个字中，有上下两个中竖者，两个中竖应当垂直对正。竖能对正，则字身不倒。在许多字中，中竖决定字的重心，安放位置对与错就决定了这个字的好坏。
左斜右正
凡左右结构者，以左斜右正者居多，左斜为呼，右正为应，有呼无应，字势必殇，有应无呼，无源之水，均不能立，呼者以斜而取势，应者以平而安神，呈左动而右稳，书呼疾而应迟。
左宽右窄
撇捺不相连
上展下收
横长撇短
上紧下松
书写要点
行楷入门，以吴玉生行楷字为例。
常用字“大”字虽然笔画简单，但并不好写，眼睛一看就会，但是写出来总觉得姿态别扭。
为了方便记忆，下面我把“大”字书写要点归结为“3直1弯”。
①横画要直，用中横，要果断，粗壮有力，不宜带弧度；
②竖撇竖要直；
③捺画前半段要直；
④竖撇跨过横画之后，急转弯，弧度非常大。
毛笔行楷
姿势
坐姿
写毛笔字以坐姿为主。一则练二三寸大楷字无须站立，坐着写就行了；二则坐着省力又利于凝神聚气，注意力容易集中。主张写二三寸大楷模也要用立姿的主要原因是为了练习悬肘，其实坐着写也照样可以用悬肘法，关键是方法要正确。正确的坐姿应该是头正、身直、臂开、足安”（见图下)。
头正：指书写时头要摆正，不可偏侧。
身直：指身体要平正、坐直，两肩齐平，当然直立不是要昂首挺胸，而应该肩背放松，自然下沉，身子略向前倾，胸口与桌面保持一多的间隔，切忌弯腰驼背，甚至将下巴枕靠在左手背上。
臂开：指手臂要往前伸开些，同时两臂的肘关节也要向左右撑开，两边基本匀称。
足安：是指两只脚自然地平稳着地，两腿左右略微分开，其位置与肩宽基本相等，肌肉放松。
站姿
站着写毛笔字身子可略往前倾，头部正直稍微有些下俯，左手掌按住桌面上的纸，右手近于伸直，执笔的姿势也要随着站立而改变，手享下覆，手背与手臂几乎成一平面。两脚分开站稳，双足之间的距离与肩宽大致相等。书写时用手腕、手臂的运动来完成；如果写特别大的字，甚至要用腰部的运动来书写，两脚可再分开些，使书写动作可大一些。执笔方法也应随之而变化。
工具
选笔
毛笔
不同阶段，不同水平，学习不同的书体，练习大小不同的字，对应的毛笔也是不同的。
推荐实体店购买，而非网店购买。网店上的东西看不清摸不着，仅能通过几张图片来判断，这种判断方法很难看的真切，因此很多人发现上了当。而在实体店可以好好观察，也可以根据不同的价格的毛笔进行一个对比，从而择优购买，有问题也能在现场发现。
用笔最好还是选择品牌笔，价格虽是稍高点，但质量比较可靠，包括用料和工艺。
范本
平时多看名帖、看书法展、看名家挥毫。从好作品中汲取养分。推荐的以下范本。
书写原则
1、线条坚而浑——激情原自线条的熟练。线是力和势的组合，行笔要沉着痛快，做到稳健、轻便，重笔势(即趋向)，根据字形大小排字的走向，线条斜势，整体纵向走势。
2、结体奇而稳——注意重心。欹侧、擒纵、疏密、高低。
3、章法变而贯——竹节式(几个字一节)节数间有空隙;贯珠式(中心线);蛇行式(左右摆动);疏影式(疏疏朗朗)。
布局要点
1、一字不能成行。
2、字与字之间有呼应，上承下启，左映右带，行距和字距不能相等。书眼放中央，可大些，字与周边气贯。
3、整体上展出适合墨迹浓重的作品。挂家中适合疏淡的作品。
4、作品中不能有错别字，异体字不过于冷僻。
5、作品整体布局上面重下面轻。
6、评作品好坏主要看总体视觉效果：节奏、墨色、用笔。
7、三三两两，似散还续，气脉一贯，此布局之妙也。
书写技巧
行楷的连带
笔画连带是行楷书的核心，唯有连带，方能提高书写速度。除了一般上下笔划之间的连带之外，还有一些特殊的连带。
1、改变笔顺。如分、交、布、必、巨、王等字，笔顺改变后，连带顺畅，书写便利。
2、笔画合并。如页、吊、此、高、非等字，笔画合并后，两笔并作一笔，使得上下连贯。 3、笔画省略。如即、动、蜂、龄、它等字的点、小竖、短撇等次要笔画，为了不妨碍连笔，就省略掉了，虽然省略了，但是仍易于辨认。
4、笔画替代。如风、喜、基、具、常、王、能、可等字，这写字大都采取了描摹轮廓的方式来写，用象形笔法勾勒出来，由于约定俗成，已被大家所接受。
要练好行楷，关键要仔细观察字的行笔路线，注意上下衔接，突出主要笔画，减少对笔画的修饰，尽量一气呵成，使字浑然一体。由于书写点画简略，随意自然，行楷给人们以轻松愉快的感觉。
书写特点
行楷的书写特点是连、变、省，其笔画比正楷字的笔画自由，用笔方法也有许多变化。下面我们逐一介绍行楷的基本笔画。
行楷的点画
行楷画卷头尖、腹平、背圆、尾满，前后顾盼。点画都与字的中心呼应。下面是行楷字点画的主要写法：
行楷的横画
行楷字横画多数带钩，与前后笔画呼应或者连接，有长短、精细、俯仰等变化，如果数横并列，要有长短参差，笔势也要有区别。横画在字中往往起平衡作用，因此书写时要注意长短、角度和曲弧。
行楷的竖画
行楷字写竖画不宜太直硬，要适当取斜势或弯曲，收笔有悬针，有垂露，有带钩，有弯弧，但必须把力用到笔端，切忌软散。字中的长竖作适当夸张。
行楷的撇画
行楷字的撇有多种姿态，要注意长短、曲直的变化，书写时常常回锋，做到伸缩有度，与捺相配时要有变化，不能呆板。
行楷的捺画
捺多用在字的右部或者右下角的末笔，有时写成反捺或长点出锋，但要注意带曲，回锋的方向要有变化。
行楷的提画
提又称挑，常在左右结构字左旁的末笔，与右半边联系。写提笔要快而有劲
行楷的折画
行楷字的折画有圆有方，圆转多于方折，圆度要润，方折要顿。
行楷的钩画
行楷字的钩画多变并适度夸张。有些字本来没有钩，可以加钩起连带作用，但要生动求变，饱满有劲，切忌软弱、尖细。
书写关键
八面出锋
借助于八面出锋，自然显出墨色浓淡，湿中有干，干中有湿，浓中有淡，淡中有浓，变化千万，使作品富有节奏感。
刚柔相济
刚力—铁划银钩(粗)：柔力—行云流水(细)。
惜墨如金
要求蘸一次墨写一个字，甚至数字。
豁然开朗
留白处有宽有窄，宽处给人以忽然开朗之感。艺术是制造矛盾，到解决矛盾的过程。
中侧并用
中锋得法立骨，侧锋得势求变。中锋是理性的要求，是书法审美的核心所在；侧锋是情性的化身，是书法通神的手段。
深思熟虑
创作前要深思熟虑，反复推敲，做到“胸有成竹”。
一气呵成
书法是感情的流露，不是技巧的表现，要在身体与心情皆好的状态下写字。书写时随意挥洒，一气呵成。
错落有致
一般情况下，作品的行距要宽，字距要紧。字忌并列，要错开。节数间有空隙，排列组合要有节奏，大小字参差，突出中间书眼。
笔情墨趣
书法是无声的音乐，无形的舞蹈。求变化中有呼应，使整体和谐，有强烈的节奏和视觉冲击力。用好拙笔，用笔略慢，动中有静，写出墨趣。
重视贯气
书法的气，是指点划与不同字之间的呼应，字与字之间的趋向。
书写方法
读帖
要练眼，即认真读帖。读帖是基础，要仔细观察字在方格中的高低位置、笔画的连贯映带、疏密和长短等，眼高是手高的前提，对字形要善于观察、分析和比较，大致相同的字合成一类，举一反三，达到事半功倍的效果。
练脑
要练脑或说练心。在细心观察的基础上，要把示范字牢牢地记在心里，只有把字形象记英语单词、背数学公式那样烂熟于心，深深地刻在大脑里，才能熟练运用。无论何时，一旦提到这个字，马上就能想出这个字在字帖上的形状，做到胸有成帖，脑有成字。
练手
练眼和练脑是为了搞清字该怎样写，心中能想出字的最好效果，手下却不一定能写出来，因为脑不一定能指挥得了手，手不一定能指挥得了笔。练手就是要达到心手一致、手笔一致的境界，所以练手也是至关重要的。练手主要是练指力、练腕力、练手感。
练结构
要写好行楷，结构的练习重于笔画的练习。字的结构是指字的笔画的长短比例及笔画间的穿插避让关系。要掌握汉字的结构，大家可以写写黑体字，通过这种字体把结构进行校正，然后加以变化，写其他的字体也就容易一些。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷又称“汉字行楷手写体字形”，是偏重于楷书书写笔法，比楷书行笔自由，又比行草规正的行书字体。是汉字在楷书基础上简约书写笔画、增强书写映带、表现书写意趣的实用性字体。行楷最大的优势在于实用性极强，书写速度快、易识易学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIcYsIAc6q8UAHoupFfA6Jv"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYaukOIYUqu4uirDWImLVhI"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行笔轻盈","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUAAg4qCUSo6KGuqFDmvpHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写楷书，运笔稳实、缓慢，笔画讲究工整、挺健。书写行楷，运笔轻松、便捷，线条追求流畅、明快。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCcIycGWM0kCICoARw4h31d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行笔轻盈","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/07aa7d0ff2be4e8585dc8f7287a33c88","width":366},"text":"","id":"doxcn6eaIKe6qku4eQygEUM7n3y"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"点画灵动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC4Kq6GGeMC4MyScd0OabDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写楷书，笔画造型完整，点画之间呼应关系含蓄。书写行楷，点画活泼，连带显露，点、钩、挑等动感笔画明显增多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2EEM4UIOggMSo7KjntZCAh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":358,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"点画灵动","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/37d3a92a963c4e908f3f31e1a7a3a649","width":372},"text":"","id":"doxcnqC8oAwiiumKUstBwpBAjpc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"字形多变","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC82UOSaoAq8GG4UbvbUo1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"楷书的字形平正端庄，通篇整齐均匀，相映如一。行楷字的字形变化多姿，通篇大小相间，正敧相错，同一个字可以有多种写法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2iekUmMgo6SoiiSs7V6a1b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":436,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"字形多变","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b53a66166e1243ab8eea03c77eef8915","width":431},"text":"","id":"doxcnAYAgCE6gSM4g1SmRmWs7Qz"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔行楷","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8oSKw6Oa06U2gVS19IetNg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn08qmQYAGsSkyOI8DWpi9Nc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnciMciCmG8IcCEjBHGJk0Qh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐的坐姿：头正、肩平、臂开、足安；眼离纸一尺高，手离笔尖一寸长，胸离桌子拳头，推荐坐姿如下图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKokEyOQEISoEwPbLbaS4id"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":269,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2518cd45688c4c88b6ad0dc26fa83e68","width":249},"text":"","id":"doxcnS4soUKQwKyCCofbdKxjsEh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"握姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQgsMwykeKq0umedSoMmVrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐的握姿：拇指、食指捏住笔，中指抵住笔杆底；余下两指紧相依，指离笔尖一寸余；五指配合齐用力，不松不紧最适宜，推荐握姿如下图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnssCokGGekg8G0UAgW0iUxh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":181,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握姿","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f6ecdf5dcd674c09844ac3b09d317014","width":260},"text":"","id":"doxcnGYuiweyaGmqkWfgdUpbvhb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4IQSKyg8eYQ8esyWOtcVuc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYoWqeCaqQiKKEbPWJleqze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、钢笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyaCk2M6ME8eGaSyV44e6Jc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔的地位在硬笔练字中处于不可撼动的地位，较强表现力可以反映出毛笔的效果。关于练习钢笔的选择，我们可以遵从以下原则：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsG6Ye4omiYEAOs7UZGKLvh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）不使用美工笔。美工笔不利于稳定练习；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS2asmUM8Oc0umYs2RnCLXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）不使用写起来不适的钢笔。比如出现堵笔、洇墨、摩阻过大等问题；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwcSUoiKOMOAwolSDNeSgqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）不使用过贵的钢笔。在成本练字的过程相对耗笔，尽量做到成本控制，贵的笔对练字本身没有太实质性的帮助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYWSoWCMyIac2wXg8H0vTNc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/143c124cd04042ea8e2dd086dadce517","width":800},"text":"","id":"doxcnOimsEeYcU8IUycD6KwzYRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAIOqO4UKUsKiiWblbtqV0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔有稳定、表现力强、便宜、便捷、书写舒适等优点，是一种相对完美的笔。不止在此次行楷练习试验中，日常生活中，大多数人更愿意使用0.5中性笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8y80ucmkMEo6Yz690kipzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中性笔的挑选可以遵从如下原则：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnguKWaAyGiU82m24DES6LJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）书写流度。笔触顺骨，笔画饱满，墨色均匀；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6OAiAKuiw0QKML7J6o8XXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）握笔舒适度。长时间书写不会有过于明显累手、压迫感；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCMYeAmYkKcOUUrxYq3Fise"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）墨干燥速度。书写时不会被谱黑就行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmIu0Qi2uKKokktaSU61gZb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":292,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ee9abf52df3142ed8665577f90f381e6","width":387},"text":"","id":"doxcnOOQGKEUeqI8k6lAdfDViic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、其他笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkicWAAEOqkAOKA627mdwqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了钢笔和中性笔，其他笔类都可以进行练字。种类繁多，最为常见的有铅笔，圆珠笔等。不一定局限于某种笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0ccAiu6KEUGc6M6v7YNFyg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":250,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b9668d13228a408d98ce10dd0a8b874c","width":250},"text":"","id":"doxcnIegGkuSKW6c6wBzbOOPyRb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniEOyUqOQMmWQslzECcIJRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"分类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqWSUaMQmYO0kAf24i8PFTc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖大体可分为三类：（1）笔画结构详解类（2）集字类（3）语录文章类。初学者可以购入三类字帖分别一本，有一定基础者可以购入后两类字帖各一本，基础扎实者可购最后一类字帖。行楷定型试验于2019年6月10日启动，2019年10月24日初步定型，所用字帖为荆霄鹏的《实用行楷字帖》（图1)、《林徽因语录行楷》（图2)。《实用行楷字帖》属于集字类，《林徽因语录行楷》属于语录文章类。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSmkI4QYAAcE8kz0fC7TfKe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":317,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/365b0cf1b3844a10a47844acbbdcef35","width":235},"text":"","id":"doxcnKOqYYIE8owM6GIVhk2ea3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图1","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn42scOaQC6SGCE3OExmp20g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":320,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b702530ab255456e99171f65f0130fec","width":247},"text":"","id":"doxcnsumocemYQSk6yoqAhf6Adc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图2","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnce6CcqocmQocA7Zw4FETee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngEOIQQM0OwgagFMW09R8td"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当代有大量优秀行楷字帖，比如吴玉生、田英章、钱沛云等人的行（楷）字帖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuo6u84MkgeoQS0nh3cTNhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"昊玉生的行楷字站：《怎样写好写快规范字》《公务员汉字书写5500字》、《古文观止》、《硬笔行书红楼梦诗词》等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUyY28seoq2m08jMdTLPxkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"田英章的行（楷）字帖：《钢笔行书实用技法字帖》、《漂亮字的快写技巧（行书）》、《现代汉语常用3500字（行书）》等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQSMqau4qCoMm2XxlNGJJyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钱沛云的行（楷）字帖：《钱沛云硬笔书法技巧》《钱市云教你写好硬笔行书》等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqy4Y2iKkqcOUMXXyjbwRkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于字站的选择需要根据自己的喜好，但是也要避雷。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0CS4AYcuOkW4qIygeJROZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择字帖三不选：不选折凹槽类字帖；不选手写体类字帖；不选大幅度描红类字帖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngE80Gokgqkao6zWC2vsfsd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"纸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ0gAgC4M6kaQ0owxeYyZoe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习纸种类繁多，常见的有回宫格、米字格、田字格、空白格、横线格、竖线格等等，练习纸的选择也需依据自己的基础，初学尽量选择辅助线多的回宫格、米字格等，随着阶段的变化，练习纸也应该有所改变以减少辅助，达到科学练习的目的。按时间顺序，不止使用了米字格纸、田字格纸、空白格纸、横线纸、竖线纸、白纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCqSommKokAMWXsjLxZ3xLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重点：从脱离米字格到白纸，练字整个过程都贯穿着田字格纸的巩固练习，不属于完全转换状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4OAM2WWoY4YOyYiYNBddyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另外，有以下几个点可以注意：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoAMw6gCwuOeeiSIj3962rg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）当没有问题的笔墨写在纸上产生洇墨、阻力大等类问题，建议换纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCey64Ue0CCyUGstIqsePWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）不要使用线格过小的纸，选择写起来有种自然舒适状态的纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Mei0Mi22YGOgvnvvFwmqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）不要刻意追求“好”纸，硬笔行楷的练习对纸的要求较低。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneCgECqqU08WuGr3c4sImyT"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1185,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"纸","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bcd041337a694ecb8a11c3ce054340b9","width":790},"text":"","id":"doxcngMeGwYSmIwUUa0uTFIdCoh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字内容","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyMuA00AusuW8AnUVouKs0f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从欣赏一幅书法作品的角度，至少会从章法、结构、笔画（划）三方面进行解读，这三方面即是要练字的内容。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4uW6WqcQQUws0SXcSdnWrg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"章法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu0IiMSkSoICs0ivuP8j0Ad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"章法是安排布置整幅作品中，字与字、行与行之间呼应、照顾等关系的方法，它着重于字与字之间、行与行之间的协调。章法包含着字形大小、字距远近、字态正奇、黑白分布、落款铃印等，利用这些手段可以使众多单字在特定的风格下形成一种和谐稳定美观又不失趣味的作品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsusugEusaIo8MvXg33O1nd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkwY2Cok0I4kKa6vEwygEJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"结构是字内各笔画长短、粗细、疏密、布局等。汉字从结构上分有独体字与合体字两大类。从结构形式看，合体字分为七种，即上下结构、上中下结构、左右结构、左中右结构、半包围结构、全包围结构和品字形结构，巧妙地组织笔画让笔画布局合理，传达的视觉效果越好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnssuKaGa0MoAsuAwL2Ii3nh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画（划）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneeOGiAiIIeW0IKQDaEEH5I"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"永字反映出了“点、横、竖、撇、捺、提、折、钩”八个基本笔画。笔尖与纸面接触的痕迹，反映出笔画力度、角度、粗细、曲直等。笔画作为练字的起点，是最基础也是最核心的，务必加倍重视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniAmUuyA0CaaswvbgJ0S7Ch"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYKCygkWcIKGKUPHW5pSzxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"临摹字帖是当下练字最有效的途径，但是部分人在临摹之前往往忽略了一个前提：读帖。将练字方法分解为三个部分：读帖、摹写、临写。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0UMscWAuQkIe5yqi2MeT9"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"读帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGAAk82w28KUOIRlF1S8QLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"读帖需要分析字帖范字的笔画、结构、章法。读帖是一个发挥主观能动性的过程，初步练习时应更多的注重笔画的长短、粗细、徐疾、轻重，笔画之间的俯仰、向背、离合、呼应，字的大小、方圆、高矮、宽窄等等。仔细领会字帖的点画形质、间架结构、气韵神采，才能下笔准确。对同一字帖而言，应从其点画开始，观察其起笔、行笔、收笔如何完成以及同一类笔画之间的细小差别等，再到观察毎个字的间架结构、位置布局和章法，最后则是体味字站的气韵神采、风格特点，为准确地临写做好准备。对不同字帖而言，就比如不止选择的两本字帖，往往起到一个相辅相成的作用，为了解一个字体作好充分的准备。经过观察，不止使用的行楷字帖，不像古帖变化较多，容易学习，方便掌握。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6mgYAAAQOMywycRkaO2uCf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"摹写","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6gYSEGaCkcOkiUDVAvGzle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"市面上流通的大多数摹写字帖采用透明度较高的硫酸纸覆盖在字帖上，按照影子描写（或者猫红）。当你开始使用摹写时前也要详细的读帖，做到心中有数。摹写过程中，尽量与原帖的用笔一致，单字书写一气呵成，不可存在먹笔填笔等问题。摹写有利有弊，不止认为摹写存在降低主观能动性的嫌疑，故整个练字试验过程都没有使用摹写。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncqAyo4S6CCSaYTmdDAzshe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"临写","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6iM4OiYag0WcQD61VKxzDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"临写根据要求的不同可分为对临、背临和意临。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnygOUcU2IMMCIs1Ye474JJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、对临","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni62qGqSGoUMUYNDoHeenTw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可将字帖置于视角左侧或前端，便于准确观察。随着练字形式的多样化，对临时关于字帖的摆放只要适用于自己即可，可通过裁剪字帖放大观察范围，不必拘泥形式。基于读帖，写完后再将自己写的与字帖仔细对照分析，找到不足做出标记，再次临写，循环练习直到与字帖的字高度相以。临写时不可看一笔写一笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncyUQQaEEiUwKsF3SWiJp0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、背临","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA2S06sa2kckwDN9brm2NLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在读帖，摹写，对临这些过程中，应当有所思索、有所比较、有所记忆，将字帖熟记于心，合帖临写，通过背临这种方式来检验自己是否熟练，这种方式就好比背语文课文，作为一种检查手段的同时，也是在巩固字体的练习，以形成记忆模式，达到一种出笔即像的境界。有部分练习者对照字帖能写得很好，一旦离开字站，不管是字形还是结构都降了层次，这就是因为没有使用好背临这一招。学习一个字体最后目的就是要将帖上字化为已用，想要到达这一目的，背临是必经的过程。背临还有两种形式：空背临和心背临。由于这两种方式不存在使用工具、时间、环境等的要求，完全可以利用碎片时间进行练习与巩固。空背临可用手指、木棍等工具在空中、地上或身上，通过记忆比照字帖写。心背临即在心里描摹字帖，在脑中再现每一笔每一画，这种方式适合睡觉前时用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMcQ2kOYemq2qmcI1ebeInc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、意临","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAKoeUoysIM2gE9Ezj6O0Yb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在临写时注入了自己的主观意识，意临是由临摹过渡到创作的必经之路。诸多初学者存在一个问题：练字时喜欢掺杂自己的意识，这是一种正常的现象，但是也是要趁早正视解决的问题，到达意临这个阶段才开始融入主观思维，切不可过早掺入。意临可从为两种，第一种是在原帖字体风格的基础上，使用自己的笔法或结体特征来表现；第二种是在自己字体风格的基础上，使用原站的笔法和结体特征来适应自己的“意”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGYuu2QQuummUchftaOlYJf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSEKqU8MukMwuYLyVM9eJ0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三种练字方法的合理利用才能在练字过程取得一个不错的效率，需要我们注意如下几点：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM4ci6OkEmCu4Mv7B1q8ayg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、多临少摹","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4UsGEYE2qa4kSq81ldYrEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不止在为期四个多月的练习期间不采用摹写是因为降低了主观能动性。将摹写与临写进行有机结合，以临写为主、摹写为辅的方式取长补短，未必不是一种好的方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8kGcQuiKocsIHa0TtdvKh9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、循序渐进","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIA0wMeKukUIs7pBA3jNXG7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般而言，从摹写到临写，各项练习方法应当有效穿插，相互作为辅助关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2weMMgcMgICQgHri9JdLFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、先专后博","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn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"text","text":"布局要点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0C8AumEsAMuqScsKS82lCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、一字不能成行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOc0ksWyuU2Y4ATMXFv7pKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、字与字之间有呼应，上承下启，左映右带，行距和字距不能相等。书眼放中央，可大些，字与周边气贯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGasoYq4GKYGsecACmzowgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、整体上展出适合墨迹浓重的作品。挂家中适合疏淡的作品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0cyk6G2kM2Mc8JWNqfN43f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、作品中不能有错别字，异体字不过于冷僻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS8YkomM2yCWCgfldKKZbdc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、作品整体布局上面重下面轻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAeuAikQYIUcU6AMYaLjiMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、评作品好坏主要看总体视觉效果：节奏、墨色、用笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQAaMeOU4oIII3teYgTEPkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、三三两两，似散还续，气脉一贯，此布局之妙也。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4iqiYKKmE0moI7XxDzVdXq"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":360,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"布局要点","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e5dcacce4cad4010ad94c4bf926d1548","width":360},"text":"","id":"doxcns2q6MuQS2OYkUFUYR1XDYd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqAKwy8akk2GOlNevr7eyNe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的连带","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG0o6uA0YYe8CuWrldoHTie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔画连带是行楷书的核心，唯有连带，方能提高书写速度。除了一般上下笔划之间的连带之外，还有一些特殊的连带。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno8SYyoAsoSocOZIZBKiU7L"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、改变笔顺。如分、交、布、必、巨、王等字，笔顺改变后，连带顺畅，书写便利。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncsCykwUwgQyCkXIu4UVJFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、笔画合并。如页、吊、此、高、非等字，笔画合并后，两笔并作一笔，使得上下连贯。 3、笔画省略。如即、动、蜂、龄、它等字的点、小竖、短撇等次要笔画，为了不妨碍连笔，就省略掉了，虽然省略了，但是仍易于辨认。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOYy6OeoucYkqYfm5oVPIeg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、笔画替代。如风、喜、基、具、常、王、能、可等字，这写字大都采取了描摹轮廓的方式来写，用象形笔法勾勒出来，由于约定俗成，已被大家所接受。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniYscSugg4ga4kJKzB7wtCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要练好行楷，关键要仔细观察字的行笔路线，注意上下衔接，突出主要笔画，减少对笔画的修饰，尽量一气呵成，使字浑然一体。由于书写点画简略，随意自然，行楷给人们以轻松愉快的感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGCQCeMou2CkAyyiNa3Bstg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写特点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE4o0MYkUE0UmWeKpQb4cxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的书写特点是连、变、省，其笔画比正楷字的笔画自由，用笔方法也有许多变化。下面我们逐一介绍行楷的基本笔画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng2aqCSqMucQ6GriKynPoIc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的点画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA0C64w46QSqsstlt7yH0yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷画卷头尖、腹平、背圆、尾满，前后顾盼。点画都与字的中心呼应。下面是行楷字点画的主要写法：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGIEQKUwOsoeM8sP960iQHb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":571,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的点画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c7cd854fd45e4de899fe8863de596e9b","width":450},"text":"","id":"doxcncYgsUyM4sSS66mhva0NHhB"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的横画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKYyC4eEYoIkKPxkgIr9ixK"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷字横画多数带钩，与前后笔画呼应或者连接，有长短、精细、俯仰等变化，如果数横并列，要有长短参差，笔势也要有区别。横画在字中往往起平衡作用，因此书写时要注意长短、角度和曲弧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngaCsoG2GAoQwukjtCX0n69"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":355,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的横画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f5deb7f3e889460583b771ccb2bd1748","width":537},"text":"","id":"doxcn8UuYcU88As6k4KiNBFM5Pc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的竖画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUQ8Kmyc4S0G0qOuxQZlEme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷字写竖画不宜太直硬，要适当取斜势或弯曲，收笔有悬针，有垂露，有带钩，有弯弧，但必须把力用到笔端，切忌软散。字中的长竖作适当夸张。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIsACQSQmYUmE8jtVztVsRf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":592,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的竖画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4ebe6c6e082e402290371396cd7a13d5","width":590},"text":"","id":"doxcnuE8UyyK64ME6moE7zHbUlf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的撇画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyCeWYWmogs4Kqgp8hCMKvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷字的撇有多种姿态，要注意长短、曲直的变化，书写时常常回锋，做到伸缩有度，与捺相配时要有变化，不能呆板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnI6SMqOyMs8SMGqegxzJXld"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":545,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的撇画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/44e54987821142888f501960daa7e3b5","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnwKQKEG66I4qI0Ia4oXvH3c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的捺画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmcaosE8KQAIwmEE9pflz0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"捺多用在字的右部或者右下角的末笔，有时写成反捺或长点出锋，但要注意带曲，回锋的方向要有变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqQMqOIEkuOiUeKfhqJ8rVT"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":659,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的捺画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/631e14ee1c724642961a834cbfc47eba","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnUOe46mkCgIoICQmdDa8Rrc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的提画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2CUkIkSq6YUaYdnIpKqHwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"提又称挑，常在左右结构字左旁的末笔，与右半边联系。写提笔要快而有劲 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4MK8QuaAOYm40WLzS0TJie"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":439,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的提画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ba0891e62d549ff937195b34bf9e80f","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcncCkuYouk6ssmsT06ZDxoSc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的折画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno8eOy0ks4EQqIljp7jUr0d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷字的折画有圆有方，圆转多于方折，圆度要润，方折要顿。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGmy4CU0MgcoSUVQHAqYB2g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":423,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的折画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8711dc90e7e642dd95cf0e67a20bae36","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnWY2wyEWWQkKQMztqVyBQch"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的钩画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMwMi8eu2s8S06UT3SKzm9F"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷字的钩画多变并适度夸张。有些字本来没有钩，可以加钩起连带作用，但要生动求变，饱满有劲，切忌软弱、尖细。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwswImyS0Oae46NA7C35mlb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":779,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行楷的折画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/776ce9e7ba5b460383868d7eb282e824","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnG4Wy24uac42aYRHOKhrDEf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写关键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6o86MmeMUcmkkHLBcIqxCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"八面出锋","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngoI2owY4EG8qINNFHuTY6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"借助于八面出锋，自然显出墨色浓淡，湿中有干，干中有湿，浓中有淡，淡中有浓，变化千万，使作品富有节奏感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMi6CSowM8wIuYzm00qxlDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"刚柔相济","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCKG0SSqAMiiUG2RJNSagMo"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"刚力—","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"铁划银钩(粗)：柔力—","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"行云流水(细)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS0AyiWK04co8UJir8F7Tkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"惜墨如金","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU22cm6iiwWIUgtSXfFRqed"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要求蘸一次墨写一个字，甚至数字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaSwgo86II24yiOONHJDHNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"豁然开朗","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmygKyu8gAiQ6OplD7osqVp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"留白处有宽有窄，宽处给人以忽然开朗之感。艺术是制造矛盾，到解决矛盾的过程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQG04OK2ke0U0gN2BO9SEhf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中侧并用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEsOk8Kq6uaoieE67PtMfad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中锋得法立骨，侧锋得势求变。中锋是理性的要求，是书法审美的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"核心所在；","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"侧锋是情性的化身，是书法通神的手段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGYscu8skYuWMnl6PLQWXcM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"深思熟虑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngQI8EcImyUakEyabawOXpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"创作前要深思熟虑，反复推敲，做到“胸有成竹”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ4mKQIMo68siohfwOjuh5a"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一气呵成","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncmGoe46o6aOGYrkbQGiTJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"书法是感情的流露，不是技巧的表现，要在身体与心情皆好的状态下写字。书写时随意挥洒，一气呵成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA4SeYSQgyyEc2B0GHS46Le"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"错落有致","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0yIwmIsgGwYGEvjjQ0Bxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般情况下，作品的行距要宽，字距要紧。字忌并列，要错开。节数间有空隙，排列组合要有节奏，大小字参差，突出中间书眼。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIgs6IawSuwA8e6o12XYVkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔情墨趣","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOoi2iO4OCGWGwHrtxBjXhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"书法是无声的音乐，无形的舞蹈。求变化中有呼应，使整体和谐，有强烈的节奏和视觉冲击力。用好拙笔，用笔略慢，动中有静，写出墨趣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaAGSyYusYGaA0YK4jiARyf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重视贯气","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngUwWOeuwYI0wOoZ4Dee31c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"书法的气，是指点划与不同字之间的呼应，字与字之间的趋向。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaAAmUk0uIGQYmKljTaPVSd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书写方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwm44O4Q6GY8CuarhxCvxeg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"读帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMKmOesQEoQmUUPRMutQo4c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要练眼，即认真读帖。读帖是基础，要仔细观察字在方格中的高低位置、笔画的连贯映带、疏密和长短等，眼高是手高的前提，对字形要善于观察、分析和比较，大致相同的字合成一类，举一反三，达到事半功倍的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmUisQUE2w4M8VEjN2dz4D6"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练脑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYyqqQ0SUumUUuinEBUVCsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要练脑或说练心。在细心观察的基础上，要把示范字牢牢地记在心里，只有把字形象记英语单词、背数学公式那样烂熟于心，深深地刻在大脑里，才能熟练运用。无论何时，一旦提到这个字，马上就能想出这个字在字帖上的形状，做到胸有成帖，脑有成字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyU28iuMaKMEUs12rquz09b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练手","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns6Oi8EeSe8qkkNRUT9nOQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练眼和练脑是为了搞清字该怎样写，心中能想出字的最好效果，手下却不一定能写出来，因为脑不一定能指挥得了手，手不一定能指挥得了笔。练手就是要达到心手一致、手笔一致的境界，所以练手也是至关重要的。练手主要是练指力、练腕力、练手感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOcskIEmeugIo2l4FqNoh6J"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnISwyugGwWSIkEPvx6PS7Ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要写好行楷，结构的练习重于笔画的练习。字的结构是指字的笔画的长短比例及笔画间的穿插避让关系。要掌握汉字的结构，大家可以写写黑体字，通过这种字体把结构进行校正，然后加以变化，写其他的字体也就容易一些。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoScscSKaGWEK47RWMAFSAf"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E
2. xz3200水平定向钻机价格
我做的是大型龙门加工中心3200*1600的，也经常用到侧铣头。侧铣头编程跟平时是一样的，只是刀具平面不一样。有时是XZ平面，有时是YZ平面，就是G代码里的G18和G19。假如是ZX平面就用G18Z-X-。假如是YZ平面就用G19Y-Z-。懂吗？用MASTER CAM编程是，把刀具平面设到前视图/或后视图。左视图或右视图例子：G17G3I-20，就这样！
3. xz360e水平定向钻机
前景好。
无论从环境保护还是市场需求来看,水平定向钻机的市场前景都是令人鼓舞的，因水平钻机的独特优势,其发展前景是可观的,
4. xz450水平定向钻机使用说明
所在地区代码是行政区划代码，也称行政代码，它是国家行政机关的识别符号，一般执行两项国家标准：《中华人民共和国行政区划代码》（GB/T2260-2007)和《县以下行政区划代码编制规则》（GB/T10114-2003)。由9位阿拉伯数字组成，相当于机关单位的身份号码。
《中华人民共和国行政区划代码》由中华人民共和国国家统计局发布。该标准对我国县以上行政区划的代码做了规定，用六位阿拉伯数字分层次代表我国的省（自治区、直辖市）、地区（市、州、盟）、县（区、市、旗）的名称。
扩展资料：
代码表：
北京市（110000 BJ）
天津市（120000 TJ）
河北省（130000 HE）
山西省（140000 SX）
内蒙古自治区（150000 NM）
辽宁省（210000 LN）
吉林省（220000 JL）
黑龙江省（230000 HL）
上海市（310000 SH）
江苏省（320000 JS）
浙江省（330000 ZJ）
安徽省（340000 AH）
福建省（350000 FJ）
江西省（360000 JX）
山东省（370000 SD）
河南省（410000 HA）
湖北省（420000 HB）
湖南省（430000 HN）
广东省（440000 GD）
广西壮族自治区（450000 GX）
海南省（460000 HI）
四川省（510000 SC）
贵州省（520000 GZ）
云南省（530000 YN）
西藏自治区（540000 XZ）
重庆市（500000 CQ）
陕西省（610000 SN）
甘肃省（620000 GS）
青海省（630000 QH）
宁夏回族自治区（640000 NX）
新疆维吾尔自治区（650000 XJ）
台湾省（710000 TW）
香港特别行政区（810000 HK）
澳门特别行政区（820000 MO）
5. xz320水平定向钻机
皮肤管理是男士护肤的重点，男性体内的雄性激素会刺激油脂分泌，油脂分泌旺盛必然会导致面部油脂过多，因此大部分男士的皮肤都偏向油性皮肤，少部分男性皮肤属于干性皮肤。想要保养好皮肤，首先要认清自己的肤质。
男士皮肤分类
男士皮肤最大的特点就是油腻，皮肤油腻是从青春期就开始的 ，皮肤单纯油或敏感的人占少数，因此大部分男士的皮肤都是属于混合性油性皮肤，少部分属于干性皮肤。
单纯油性皮肤
青春期的男生一般都是单纯的油性皮肤。
单纯油性皮肤特点：虽然油，却比较水润，没有脱皮。皮肤状态就像敷完面膜然后涂上乳霜的感觉。
这种皮肤比较容易出油，油脂如果过多就会堵塞毛孔，出现痘痘、黑头等情况，所以需要定期去角质，一周1-2次就可以。
认识了自己的皮肤后就需要选择适合自己的护肤品，正确选择使用护肤品，才能让我们的皮肤更有魅力，不同的肌肤也要采用不同的护肤方案，选择的护肤品也是不一样的，下面介绍下油性皮肤应该如何选择护肤品。
选择护肤品
单纯油性皮肤通常受季节影响较小，多数时候皮肤会处于出油的状态。因此选择护肤品时，油性皮肤要更注重清洁，一般需要选择清洁力度较强的洗面奶，这样才可以把皮肤清理干净。
洗面奶可以选择男士专用的洗面奶，也可以选用皂基洗面奶，或者是氨基酸深层洁净洗面奶，这种类型的洗面奶，清洁力度比较强。
洗完脸之后，后续的护理不需要太多，一般准备一款爽肤水即可，不需要另外准备乳液。
肌肤出油多容易引起毛孔粗大，也会造成毛孔堵塞，所以在选择爽肤水的时候，可以选择含酒精成分的爽肤水，从而有效控制油脂的分泌并收缩毛孔。
如果是夏天护肤，皮肤特别爱出油，我们可以增加洗脸次数，夏天可以在中午的时候也洗一次脸，冬天天气比较干燥，早晚洗脸就可以了，洗完脸切记要使用爽肤水。
混合性皮肤
大部分男士的皮肤是混合性皮肤，这种皮肤是因为后天护肤不当从油性皮肤转变而来的。
混合性皮肤特点： 很油又干巴巴的，特别容易脱皮，看起来不水润。
出现毛孔大、黑头、痘痘，如果痘痘一发不可收拾，又容易出现痘印、痘坑等，所以男生大部分皮肤问题的源头还是油腻，混合性皮肤也需要定期去角质，半个月一次就行。
如果确定了是混合性皮肤，就要考虑护肤品的问题了，下面介绍下混合性皮肤应该如何选择护肤品。
选择护肤品
混合性皮肤的人，通常是T区爱出油，脸颊两边很干，所以需要选择温和、清爽的洗面奶最好，这类的洗面奶大多数成分都是天然植物提取物或者是氨基酸洗面奶，能够给肌肤提供一部分营养，帮助肌肤调节水油平衡的状态。
在夏季的时候，可以选择清洁力稍强的洗面奶，这样才能够把T区清理干净。
在冬季的时候可以选择温和型的洗面奶，这样就不至于把脸洗得太干。
在护理皮肤的时候，补水是重点，所以还需要使用爽肤水和乳液，选择爽肤水和乳液的时候选择补水类型的比较好。
混合型肌肤比较难处理的就是T区出油的问题，要注意控油、补水，清洗完成以后，要用爽肤水和补水乳液在鼻子上反复涂抹几层，当肌肤吸足了水就不那么容易出油了，还可以定期做面膜护理，面膜类型也是选择补水的。
干性皮肤
少部分男性皮肤是干性皮肤，这种皮肤肤质细腻，毛孔小，肌肤表面不泛油光，呈现哑光状态。容易形成细碎的干纹，尤其以眼部及唇部四周最为明显。
干性皮肤特点：皮肤干燥、缺水、紧绷、脱皮。容易敏感、衰老、长斑。
干性肌肤角质层较薄，不宜经常去角质， 一般半月一次就可以，这种皮整体看起来就比较干燥。
如果确定了是干性皮肤，就要考虑护肤品的问题了，下面介绍下干性皮肤应该如何选择护肤品。
选择护肤品
干性皮肤保养重点是从洁面开始每一步都要注意保湿、滋润。
同时干性肌肤肌肤娇嫩，要选择温和的护肤品，不要过多的去角质。一年四季加强防晒，避免产生小斑点和光老化，如果出现色斑，可以使用祛斑类型护肤品。
选择的洗面奶一般是比较温和的，可以选择补水洗面奶或者氨基酸洗面奶。
干性皮肤因为比较缺水，所以在选择爽肤水的时候要选择补水的，不管是冬天还是夏天都需要多补水。
干性皮肤还可以使用柔和的爽肤水，这种爽肤水的PH值接近于7，是非常温和的。
如果想美白的话，还可以选用美白补水型的爽肤水，可根据自己需求选择。
使用完爽肤水后还可以选择一些保湿的乳液和面霜，这样可以把水分牢牢锁住，选择的时候可以选择深层补水的保养品，这样方便补充水分和营养，还需要定期做补水面膜，给干燥的皮肤补充水分。
选择面膜的时候可以选择补水专用的，也可以选择植物补水面膜，这些都比较好用。
因为皮肤干燥，比较容易产生皱纹，所以也需要购买眼部精华，可以涂抹抗皱，让皮肤保持活力。
因为干性皮肤比较容易长斑，所以我们在选择护肤品的时候还可以选择一些祛斑类型的护肤品，这种也非常合适。
敏感性皮肤
敏感性皮肤角质层较薄，肌肤锁水能力差，容易干燥或因过分干燥而油脂分泌过多，造成外油内干的状态。
敏感性皮肤特点：
A、用护肤品时，皮肤容易发红、发痒或刺痛，甚至什么都不用也会出现。
B、有红血丝，角质薄，或者经常使用磨砂、脱脂性强的洗面奶或刷果酸、水杨酸，角质也会偏薄。
C、肤色偏白，肌肤抵抗力弱，容易受到外界刺激并产生明显反应，比如太阳一晒脸部就发红等。
对于不知道怎么判断自己肤质的朋友可以看看以下教程，通过教程可以了解清楚自己的皮肤。
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1GE411A7jY/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
如果确定了是敏感性皮肤，就要考虑护肤品的问题了，下面介绍下敏感性皮肤应该如何选择护肤品。
选择护肤品
敏感皮肤选择护肤品的时候要比较慎重，只需要用清洁和补水的护肤品就可以，尽量不要过多使用护肤品，避免皮肤敏感。
可以使用氨基酸洗面奶或者是防过敏洗面奶，这样可以防止皮肤敏感。
爽肤水可以选用纯天然植物萃取的修护型爽肤水，这种类型的爽肤水不容易敏感。
注意事项
1、要选择温和的洁面产品，护肤品可以选用纯天然植物萃取的修护型护肤品，这才是改善敏感肌的正确做法。
2、皮肤过敏的时候千万不要用药膏，经常使用过敏药膏容易变成激素脸。
激素脸属于药物性的痤疮，也被称为激素性痤疮，主要是因为长时间用一些激素的药物，或者是滥用一些是有激素的化妆品导致的。
这个时候可以涂抹舒缓修护霜，舒缓修护霜里面的成分是从天然植物中提取的，可以让身体的胶质细胞得到充分的刺激，并且得到完善的修复。使用后，可以让皮肤的红疹也得到恢复。
3、紫外线对会对皮肤造成伤害，我们出门需要注意防晒，敏感肌是非常容易接收紫外线导致皮肤敏感加重。
了解了皮肤类型和怎么选择护肤品之后，接下来我们说说保养皮肤的步骤。
保养皮肤步骤
保养皮肤的时候一般需要先洗手、洁面，然后再涂抹护肤品，使用护肤品的时候可以按照先使用面膜保养，然后再涂抹爽肤水、乳液、精华这样一个顺序进行。
用洗面奶洗脸
1、洁面膏至于手掌，加少量清水在手掌揉搓至大量泡沫产生，再将泡沫按摩于脸部。
2、大面积从下往上打圈，因为从下往上才能逆着毛孔开口方向清洁毛孔目的。
3、用温水彻底冲洗干净，若使用毛巾，只能轻轻按压，注意不要用力搓洗。
4、擦干脸部后，用爽肤水调理。
用护肤品的时候需要先清洁皮肤，只有清洗干净后再使用护肤品，护肤品营养才更容易吸收，具体洗脸步骤可以观看视频学习：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1yM4y1A73M/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
面膜
1、使用面膜前，一定要比平时更仔细地清洁自己的脸部皮肤。
2、洗完脸后，不要用毛巾擦，让脸部皮肤自然风干后，再开始使用面膜。记得，如果是天气太凉，面膜最好可以过一下热水，这样，使用起来效果更好。
3、男士使用面膜的次数不建议过多，最好一个礼拜保持2次就可以，如果时间不足，可以减少到1次。
如果不知道怎么贴面膜，就可以查看下面的教程，非常详细哦。
韩国医生教你高效敷面膜：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1xf4y1E7oV/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
爽肤水
1、取适量爽肤水于掌心中，以拍打的方式涂于全脸。
2、大部分爽肤水是不可以用于娇嫩的眼部，除非是特别说明眼部可以使用的爽肤水，才可以用于眼部。
3、使用化妆棉可以节省爽肤水用量。将化妆棉浸适量爽肤水，按照从中间向两边的方向轻拍。
4、手掌搓热后按压脸部，进一步促进爽肤水的吸收。
如果不知道怎么使用爽肤水，可以查看下面的教程。
爽肤水使用教程：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1yW411M7vf/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
乳液或面霜
1、挤出适量的乳液与手掌心，量约为5角硬币大小。
2、均匀的把乳液点涂在额头、鼻翼、左脸颊、右脸颊、下巴。然后由内向外的顺序向四周延展开，直至乳液覆盖住整个脸部。
3、指腹按摩：用指腹轻轻按摩脸部1-2分钟左右，帮助肌肤促进水乳液营养成分的吸收！
上面简单介绍了下面霜、乳液使用方法，如果想了解更多可以观看教程。
乳液护肤面部按摩手法：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Zv411b7Ae/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
眼霜或精华
1、用无名指取绿豆大小眼霜。
2、从内到外以点压的方式从内而外涂于上下眼睑，注意不要推扯皮肤，摩擦会使眼部肌肤产生色素沉淀。
3、眼部护理尽量使用无名指，因其是最柔弱的手指，不容易因为用力过猛而误伤眼部。
4、若眼角有较深皱纹，可以一边手把眼角皱纹撑开，另一只手以提拉眼角的方式按摩并涂抹眼霜。
如果想了解更多眼霜或精华的护肤手法，可以观看教程下面的教程。
正确涂眼霜手法：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1PV4y1L7Qu/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
眼部精华的使用方法和手法：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1vM4y1M799/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click
其他保养方式
减缓皮肤衰老
男士皮肤弹性会随着年龄增长迅速下降，这样就会产生皱纹，男士的皱纹通常会比女性更深、更宽、更难以处理，所以男士更应该注意防止皮肤衰老。
减缓皮肤衰老可以遵循下面的护肤原则：
增加蛋白质
对于男人来说，越多蛋白质意味着越多的肌肉，而且蛋白质还能使皮肤结实而有弹性。豆腐蕴含着丰富的大豆异黄酮、优质蛋白质、钙及维生素E，可有效滋润肌肤、增强肌肤弹性，进而减低皮肤老化及皱纹的形成。
多喝水
成年人体内含水量约为58%~67%，当体内水分不断减少，便会出现皮肤干燥，皮脂腺分泌减少，从而使皮肤失去弹性，所以每天充足的饮水量非常重要。
补充维生素
维生素A、B2、E可以修复皮肤，促使皮肤正常更新，从而保持皮肤弹性，防止皮肤衰老。
平时可以多吃富含维生素A、B2、E的蔬菜、水果、蛋、奶制品等食物，也可以每天服用复合维生素制剂。
含有维生素A食物：猪肝、鸡肝、羊肝、鸡蛋、鸭蛋、鹌鹑蛋、胡萝卜、彩椒、南瓜等。
含有维生素B2食物：牛肉、扁豆、猪肝、猪肾、螃蟹、干酪、豇豆、豌豆、鸡蛋、黄鱼、小米、带鱼、猪瘦肉、甲鱼、马铃薯等。
含有维生素E食物：猪油，大豆油，辣椒油，葵花籽仁，香油菜籽油，黑芝麻等。
调理皮肤状态
男性皮脂腺更旺盛，皮肤油性大、毛孔大，易受污物，所以更容易出现肤色暗沉、毛孔粗大、粉刺等皮肤问题，我们要做好调理，这样才能更好护肤。
调理肠胃
肠胃调理好了，摄入的脂肪可以快速代谢排出体外，身体里的油脂就会减少，皮肤也就清爽许多。
在吃肉的时候可以搭配一些粗粮或者粗纤维的蔬菜，纤维素可以加快肠胃蠕动，减少脂肪在体内停留的时间，从而降低皮脂腺分泌。
中午也要洗脸
出油多的人不仅要早晚洗脸，中午也要洗脸，这一次不要用洁面产品，只用冷水冲洗，洗完脸，在容易干燥的眼睛周围涂上一点乳液即可。
缩小皮脂腺
对于皮脂腺特别丰富的男性，可以利用脉冲激光缩小皮脂腺血管，减少皮脂腺养分供应，油脂产量自然减少，经过6~8次的治疗后，出油现象会得到改善。
提高新陈代谢
男性角质层新陈代谢慢，皮肤会显得更粗糙，粗糙的皮肤更容易显得衰老。
运动促进代谢
运动是加快身体和皮肤血液循环的捷径，运动后身体会发热出汗，皮肤就像在大口呼吸。在运动后半小时可以用热水洗浴，这样会加快血液循环，使血流畅通，促进皮肤代谢。
别熬夜
晚上22:00—凌晨3:00，皮肤血液循环充分，营养需求最多，新陈代谢最旺盛，是皮肤美容的黄金时间，这段时间最好睡觉。
平衡内分泌
受雄性激素的影响，皮脂腺会分泌过多的皮脂，由此堵塞毛孔，易诱发痤疮。
规律生活
男性内分泌紊乱会引起很多疾病，皮肤痤疮是其中之一，所以平衡内分泌很重要。内分泌最怕受刺激，经常抽烟喝酒、吃辛辣的食物，都会刺激身体内在平衡，所以要尽量远离烟酒、辛辣食物，同时还要保持心情愉快和规律生活。
经常泡脚
经常用热水泡脚可以促进血液循环、令整个经脉活跃，从而平衡男性雄性激素的分泌水平。
好的护肤习惯
大多数男人都缺少护肤习惯，养成一个好的护肤习惯，会让皮肤更加水润。良好的护肤习惯要做到每天清洁皮肤，使用护肤品保养皮肤，而且出门要注意防晒，平常可以多喝绿茶，有助于补充体内的营养补充，减少黑色素沉淀。
清洁和护理
平时要加强面部皮肤的清洁和护理，比如定期使用能够深层清洁皮肤和祛除死皮角质的洗面奶、洁面乳，充分的清洁面部皮肤。
使用护肤品
可以经常的使用护肤霜、保湿霜，还有补水的面膜，这样都有利于改善面部皮肤的粗糙。
养成防晒习惯
男士也要注意防晒，出门时要采取防护措施。比如涂抹男士防晒霜，或者打遮阳伞。
常喝绿茶护肤
绿茶有抗氧化的功效，常喝绿茶有助于预防紫外线伤害，从而促进新陈代谢、强化血液微循环、减低肌肤底层黑色素的沉积的作用。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"皮肤管理是男士护肤的重点，男性体内的雄性激素会刺激油脂分泌，油脂分泌旺盛必然会导致面部油脂过多，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"因此大部分男士的皮肤都偏向油性","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"皮肤","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，少部分男性皮肤属于干性皮肤。想要保养好皮肤，首先要认清自己的肤质。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DSoGdQMq8oykYmxOGu6citjAnld"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"男士皮肤分类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LucmdiUOqoiUEYxGGYHcmd3vnDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"男士皮肤最大的特点就是油腻，皮肤油腻是从青春期就开始的 ，皮肤单纯油或敏感的人占少数，因此大部分男士的皮肤都是属于混合性油性皮肤，少部分属于干性皮肤。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XqWGdOQWCocwkWxwh6LcbgBtnEe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"单纯油性皮肤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EawodEc6yo6Esmx2LTwcvODOnVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"青春期的男生一般都是单纯的油性皮肤。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KM0ed60AkomEs0xMNDoc8iUMnzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单纯油性皮肤特点：虽然油，却比较水润，没有脱皮。皮肤状态就像敷完面膜然后涂上乳霜的感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TGcadY2CMo2qEQx4ghockAqAn7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这种皮肤比较容易出油，油脂如果过多就会堵塞毛孔，出现痘痘、黑头等情况，所以需要定期去角质，一周1-2次就可以。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WeUMdGicioYI6Mxg7rQcbmnLnLH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识了自己的皮肤后就需要选择适合自己的护肤品，正确选择使用护肤品，才能让我们的皮肤更有魅力，不同的肌肤也要采用不同的护肤方案，选择的护肤品也是不一样的，下面介绍下油性皮肤应该如何选择护肤品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KKsud8O8IoC0UyxIxPvcUAzmnAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"选择护肤品","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JUAwda4m6oKOAkxO4D5cS4sCnrc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单纯油性皮肤通常受季节影响较小，多数时候皮肤会处于出油的状态。因此选择护肤品时，油性皮肤要更注重清洁，一般需要选择清洁力度较强的洗面奶，这样才可以把皮肤清理干净。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FcmwdyIgiouykQxIT8Cc8jyUnme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗面奶可以选择男士专用的洗面奶，也可以选用皂基洗面奶，或者是氨基酸深层洁净洗面奶，这种类型的洗面奶，清洁力度比较强。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OekkduMMMo2gaqxu0xKc0ZzYnad"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗完脸之后，后续的护理不需要太多，一般准备一款爽肤水即可，不需要另外准备乳液。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QSyYdcMoYoEgEox0w6fc0RBungf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"肌肤出油多容易引起毛孔粗大，也会造成毛孔堵塞，所以在选择爽肤水的时候，可以选择含酒精成分的爽肤水，从而有效控制油脂的分泌并收缩毛孔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CQSgdk8Eio8OyKxMZVDcekc7nLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果是夏天护肤，皮肤特别爱出油，我们可以增加洗脸次数，夏天可以在中午的时候也洗一次脸，冬天天气比较干燥，早晚洗脸就可以了，洗完脸切记要使用爽肤水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OGs4duyi4o00UmxI9Q5cii4inJb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"混合性皮肤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XQiqds6quoE22GxcTwucLBSDnOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大部分男士的皮肤是混合性皮肤，这种皮肤是因为后天护肤不当从油性皮肤转变而来的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TyO8dGIe6oY8mUxcdRwcOy5inLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"混合性皮肤特点： 很油又干巴巴的，特别容易脱皮，看起来不水润。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Bwgudqi0qoO8Gwx2PpecxSDenwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"出现毛孔大、黑头、痘痘，如果痘痘一发不可收拾，又容易出现痘印、痘坑等，所以男生大部分皮肤问题的源头还是油腻，混合性皮肤也需要定期去角质，半个月一次就行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Oai4dYegGoSwm8xe8DwcRbgDnvf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果确定了是混合性皮肤，就要考虑护肤品的问题了，下面介绍下混合性皮肤应该如何选择护肤品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CqwUdkeWWoeIUqxS6GTcQhM3nph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"选择护肤品","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Iiocda2OyowCA0xeSFvcku93nrg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"混合性皮肤的人，通常是T区爱出油，脸颊两边很干，所以需要","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"选择温和、清爽的洗面奶最好，这类的洗面奶大多数成分都是天然植物提取物或者是氨基酸洗面奶，能够给肌肤提供一部分营养，帮助肌肤调节水油平衡的状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TOq0dG26CoU24gxA5kKc3kFrnyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在夏季的时候，可以选择清洁力稍强的洗面奶，这样才能够把T区清理干净。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O640d2cOaokgEgx6C3kcbqsznBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在冬季的时候可以选择温和型的洗面奶，这样就不至于把脸洗得太干。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ti46dyg8moS4Q2xEPHncH8JGnbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在护理皮肤的时候，补水是重点，所以还需要使用爽肤水和乳液，选择爽肤水和乳液的时候选择补水类型的比较好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XyI4dYUgWoOia4xst9KccmmznXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"混合型肌肤比较难处理的就是T区出油的问题，要注意控油、补水，清洗完成以后，要用爽肤水和补水乳液在鼻子上反复涂抹几层，当肌肤吸足了水就不那么容易出油了，还可以定期做面膜护理，面膜类型也是选择补水的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XsymdYaYwoWecQx0ue3cdpCOnpc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"干性皮肤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QiuUdq6guoKOKixCI5AcXvkSnf2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"少部分男性皮肤是干性皮肤，这种皮肤肤质细腻，毛孔小，肌肤表面不泛油光，呈现哑光状态。容易形成细碎的干纹，尤其以眼部及唇部四周最为明显。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EkI4dKCMWo4AoKx0wsscFfR2nsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"干性皮肤特点：皮肤干燥、缺水、紧绷、脱皮。容易敏感、衰老、长斑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RWC6dqaC0oMioaxG6Xccqz5uncf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"干性肌肤角质层较薄，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"不宜经常去角质","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"， 一般半月一次就可以，这种皮整体看起来就比较干燥。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DSsOdo2Q8os8EKxwH5vcIP6RnWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果确定了是干性皮肤，就要考虑护肤品的问题了，下面介绍下干性皮肤应该如何选择护肤品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DG2Md8oY2ooqiuxKAALc8Pienag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"选择护肤品","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OsCKdEgSOoocYgxoNcFcR7Mwnfh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"干性皮肤保养重点是从洁面开始每一步都要注意保湿、滋润。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Om26dcAc2owASwxOM3tchphnnKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时干性肌肤肌肤娇嫩，要选择温和的护肤品，不要过多的去角质。一年四季加强防晒，避免产生小斑点和光老化，如果出现色斑，可以使用祛斑类型护肤品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CmWAdImEaoKYqgxE3eAcb7YXn4c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择的洗面奶一般是比较温和的，可以选择补水洗面奶或者氨基酸洗面奶。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N4kGdIcecoq0CQxcPlTcc3XNnBc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"干性皮肤因为比较缺水，所以在选择爽肤水的时候要选择补水的，不管是冬天还是夏天都需要多补水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TKwOdqgu2o8kgyxw9PAc2aeHnEf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"干性皮肤还可以使用柔和的爽肤水，这种爽肤水的PH值接近于7，是非常温和的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Eu0EdWikqoA4cMxApRPcj6QTn4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果想美白的话，还可以选用美白补水型的爽肤水，可根据自己需求选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BY2id2caqoUs2QxkHYacaDw6nnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用完爽肤水后还可以选择一些保湿的乳液和面霜，这样可以把水分牢牢锁住，选择的时候可以选择深层补水的保养品，这样方便补充水分和营养，还需要定期做补水面膜，给干燥的皮肤补充水分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CSIEd4A22o6QSCxSezFcaqfWnlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择面膜的时候可以选择补水专用的，也可以选择植物补水面膜，这些都比较好用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WeAudIQsSokuoixKuRJcP3VXnRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"因为皮肤干燥，比较容易产生皱纹，所以也需要购买眼部精华，可以涂抹抗皱，让皮肤保持活力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U0WEdW6uooeQQWxuSb5catqJndf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"因为干性皮肤比较容易长斑，所以我们在选择护肤品的时候还可以选择一些祛斑类型的护肤品，这种也非常合适。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JQUEdIOegoaEWmxiqiUcjfntnVb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"敏感性皮肤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JoQedM4YSoCC20xo5V6chNGEnxe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"敏感性皮肤角质层较薄，肌肤锁水能力差，容易干燥或因过分干燥而油脂分泌过多，造成外油内干的状态。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FgSkdcuk6o2esUxkDG8cgZfCn0f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"敏感性皮肤特点：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EA6IdIQMGoGwgqxsN5AcZClsnZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A、用护肤品时，皮肤容易发红、发痒或刺痛，甚至什么都不用也会出现。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYIEdgyisowCwux2LVCcK8w4ngd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"B、有红血丝，角质薄，或者经常使用磨砂、脱脂性强的洗面奶或刷果酸、水杨酸，角质也会偏薄。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S2QWdM4q6oG0c2xYzCFcycIQnse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"C、肤色偏白，肌肤抵抗力弱，容易受到外界刺激并产生明显反应，比如太阳一晒脸部就发红等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JCMsdu0QAoKmiQxIxM7cOqxFn6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于不知道怎么判断自己肤质的朋友可以看看以下教程，通过教程可以了解清楚自己的皮肤。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZqyydgkA6o8cMyxasnyc4sIanYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1GE411A7jY/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1GE411A7jY/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SySQdgAiYoUiaMxqCIocA94BnPe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果确定了是敏感性皮肤，就要考虑护肤品的问题了，下面介绍下敏感性皮肤应该如何选择护肤品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RkQEdmyYmoeiYaxeo8dcGkqgn1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"选择护肤品","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EUGUdWyCgoUOCaxgZo7cKAp1nuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"敏感皮肤选择护肤品的时候要比较慎重，只需要用清洁和补水的护肤品就可以，尽量不要过多使用护肤品，避免皮肤敏感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WGwMd0WOAoQss6xKD58c3lqUn5q"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以使用氨基酸洗面奶或者是防过敏洗面奶，这样可以防止皮肤敏感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D0cqd2eCeoicokxs9lkc7qv9n2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"爽肤水可以选用纯天然植物萃取的修护型爽肤水，这种类型的爽肤水不容易敏感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IOwUdsQ8Ko2cKyxiiwccz28XnYf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BW2cda0waoMW0ox0cApc65b3n6g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、要选择温和的洁面产品，护肤品可以选用纯天然植物萃取的修护型护肤品，这才是改善敏感肌的正确做法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YIaedm46CoygyoxiIJ3cX0x7nif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、皮肤过敏的时候千万不要用药膏，经常使用过敏药膏容易变成激素脸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PiEEdSYQmomqKMxQReGcx9Alnbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"激素脸属于药物性的痤疮，也被称为激素性痤疮，主要是因为长时间用一些激素的药物，或者是滥用一些是有激素的化妆品导致的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YsW4dKwmOowQ0IxWWmoc8prNnsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个时候可以涂抹舒缓修护霜，舒缓修护霜里面的成分是从天然植物中提取的，可以让身体的胶质细胞得到充分的刺激，并且得到完善的修复。使用后，可以让皮肤的红疹也得到恢复。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Zi8udgKg2osIUgxIzFJc1KSxnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、紫外线对会对皮肤造成伤害，我们出门需要注意防晒，敏感肌是非常容易接收紫外线导致皮肤敏感加重。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JWMKdKisiok66cx3h81cnyVNnwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"了解了皮肤类型和怎么选择护肤品之后，接下来我们说说保养皮肤的步骤。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"He82dae2AogaIyxmcN3cilCknMb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保养皮肤步骤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TY2CdIE0SouIYmxk1erc2YRvn6d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"保养皮肤的时候一般需要先洗手、洁面，然后再涂抹护肤品，使用护肤品的时候可以按照","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"先使用面膜保养","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，然后再涂抹爽肤水、乳液、精华这样一个顺序进行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CAuydCYO0oc4iKxWmWRcb0zMnuf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"用洗面奶洗脸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YSwqdaYeAo2iqMxkXowcgvPGnVg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":287,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"用洗面奶洗脸","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/798a0c8e2db14c7898bd3bd516389603","width":510},"text":"","id":"YkQidGCugoii8ixyOmdc4vVOnTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、洁面膏至于手掌，加少量清水在手掌揉搓至大量泡沫产生，再将泡沫按摩于脸部。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TcQwd8giUoecYIxuujEcjKs3nEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、大面积从下往上打圈，因为从下往上才能逆着毛孔开口方向清洁毛孔目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PgOYdgkQYoGyuCxkwiocwACMnme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、用温水彻底冲洗干净，若使用毛巾，只能轻轻按压，注意不要用力搓洗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L46AdMUa8ouuSixo9RvcL3zQnwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、擦干脸部后，用爽肤水调理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TeIedCUCaoG4WYxYcXrcLaksnB4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用护肤品的时候需要先清洁皮肤，只有清洗干净后再使用护肤品，护肤品营养才更容易吸收，具体洗脸步骤可以观看视频学习：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1yM4y1A73M/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1yM4y1A73M/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fe44d8uScoyuYKx0QgZc5TOdn0g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"面膜","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Psoadyygeowms6xm2hWcIPi5nEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、使用面膜前，一定要比平时更仔细地清洁自己的脸部皮肤。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NOCQd2aaGoQqqwx0O3Eco8VZnHg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、洗完脸后，不要用毛巾擦，让脸部皮肤自然风干后，再开始使用面膜。记得，如果是天气太凉，面膜最好可以过一下热水，这样，使用起来效果更好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SOcwdYOQUo0ISaxUjPUcHnQPned"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、男士使用面膜的次数不建议过多，最好一个礼拜保持2次就可以，如果时间不足，可以减少到1次。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Kus6doU6YoOuEKxGUTrca5W4nAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果不知道怎么贴面膜，就可以查看下面的教程，非常详细哦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DAAudQIGMoY6S2xYd6jcxGMrnDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"韩国医生教你高效敷面膜：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1xf4y1E7oV/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1xf4y1E7oV/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UUcGdGQIYoq4wsxeyZHcX67RnMb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":240,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"面膜","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5dcbce5cbc3b44589835ce8afe2857b3","width":320},"text":"","id":"Rc8gdSkmyoIIWmx6nefce8lFnbc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"爽肤水","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FkQkdAEeSoYsW6xEmgCcGe6Ynjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、取适量爽肤水于掌心中，以拍打的方式涂于全脸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IOQQd6oWMoO2Q8xgXbPc6jlUnIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、大部分","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"爽肤水是不可以用于娇嫩的眼部，除非是特别说明眼部可以使用的爽肤水，才可以用于眼部。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tkk4diAw6oQYgGxoxm2cdSzynpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、使用化妆棉可以节省爽肤水用量。将化妆棉浸适量爽肤水，按照从中间向两边的方向轻拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SEQUdIOCioog0OxU9iCcGdgFnnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、手掌搓热后按压脸部，进一步促进爽肤水的吸收。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GYUwdcGIKo2uiCxCMGucQOi1nPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果不知道怎么使用爽肤水，可以查看下面的教程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L6w2dIma8oAyGUxIh7pcTLafn4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"爽肤水使用教程：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1yW411M7vf/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1yW411M7vf/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F2yidCMGYoQgoWx0YmPckIoqnVc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"乳液或面霜","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TSQ0d4QwYoGO6UxENC2cs2tTnWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、挤出适量的乳液与手掌心，量约为5角硬币大小。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JQEudyu68oQI8OxUZ2VcNgqUnRe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、均匀的把乳液点涂在额头、鼻翼、左脸颊、右脸颊、下巴。然后由内向外的顺序向四周延展开，直至乳液覆盖住整个脸部。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ae0wdMMW0o4Ae6xg1JBcByGnnze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、指腹按摩：用指腹轻轻按摩脸部1-2分钟左右，帮助肌肤促进水乳液营养成分的吸收！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OIGudGUwGoS0cCxy02vcBQ0bnhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"上面简单介绍了下面霜、乳液使用方法，如果想了解更多可以观看教程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z24OdGS6KouiMsxy21CcFhyanYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"乳液护肤面部按摩手法：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Zv411b7Ae/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Zv411b7Ae/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JyyYdgWyyomC6sxURa0cjtY3n3d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"眼霜或精华","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EOUadAIO8oyG8UxkDeHciFZhn8b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、用无名指取绿豆大小眼霜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IcUEdAcqcoy2m8xkdPrc6vsjnAf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、从内到外以点压的方式从内而外涂于上下眼睑，注意不要推扯皮肤，摩擦会使眼部肌肤产生色素沉淀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MkY6dcmQyoG4Y2xXPb7cZ7panjO"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":320,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"眼霜或精华","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/af297cac5ddb437790fa51fa8e8584cf","width":580},"text":"","id":"QGmidygWYoII4YxUtQAcgoolnCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、眼部护理尽量使用无名指，因其是最柔弱的手指，不容易因为用力过猛而误伤眼部。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HQQ8d200oocwSOxgtmZceHNNnxe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"若眼角有较深皱纹，可以一边手把眼角皱纹撑开，另一只手以提拉眼角的方式按摩并涂抹眼霜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VOk4dAWi0ogOSixyMV5cUF1ingg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果想了解更多眼霜或精华的护肤手法，可以观看教程下面的教程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PcmwdkcuIooMC4xUJx1cigCxnic"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确涂眼霜手法：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1PV4y1L7Qu/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1PV4y1L7Qu/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Okaqdk0WsokogoxvnPxcRFtIntG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"眼部精华的使用方法和手法：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1vM4y1M799/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"child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,"id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZCisd8SIaoic4WxEzDJcDUgMnVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"受雄性激素的影响，皮脂腺会分泌过多的皮脂，由此堵塞毛孔，易诱发痤疮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MCwod26yYokoCcx9MwHcmk4onpe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"规律生活","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Cy4mdyYG0okQgMxSc4fcVxKynhe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"男性内分泌紊乱会引起很多疾病，皮肤痤疮是其中之一，所以平衡内分泌很重要。内分泌最怕受刺激，经常抽烟喝酒、吃辛辣的食物，都会刺激身体内在平衡，所以要尽量远离烟酒、辛辣食物，同时还要保持心情愉快和规律生活。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZG20dMI0Eo8q66xe6E5cq6Zznmg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"经常泡脚","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CeeAdoK4mo8owQx0CZScb4zqnFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"经常用热水泡脚可以促进血液循环、令整个经脉活跃，从而平衡男性雄性激素的分泌水平。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NEmqdOueIoWM24xHO7scly8MnH3"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":498,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"经常泡脚","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/db6e2364abdf424890c46917a960df9a","width":859},"text":"","id":"Xm2odI2IWo6QQexWtC1cvzJxnbb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"好的护肤习惯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Aem8dQQAQoywekxeG7IcEDrrnQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大多数男人都缺少护肤习惯，养成一个好的护肤习惯，会让皮肤更加水润。良好的护肤习惯要做到每天清洁皮肤，使用护肤品保养皮肤，而且出门要注意防晒，平常可以多喝绿茶，有助于补充体内的营养补充，减少黑色素沉淀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Mye2dAUKeoKs82xau6dcDuIOnje"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"清洁和护理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZwIGdWaw6oq86wxk3xUcmlR0nmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平时要加强面部皮肤的清洁和护理，比如定期使用能够深层清洁皮肤和祛除死皮角质的洗面奶、洁面乳，充分的清洁面部皮肤。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Imkody20OoawYkx8hGvcmlrrnre"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用护肤品","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RSq0dWEQgomUaax8GjCcG8F1nEz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"可以经常的使用护肤霜、保湿霜，还有补水的面膜，这样都有利于改善面部皮肤的粗糙。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Di4UdeyuIoM82kxWAlncw2vLndh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"养成防晒习惯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VWMed0oogosK4qxqSgNcb5uZnGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"男士也要注意防晒，出门时要采取防护措施。比如涂抹男士防晒霜，或者打遮阳伞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DgAWdYECeo6S6KxAV9Scw9WRnKg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常喝绿茶护肤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Dqa4d8oW8oQyGSxMnfkcYn5Mn2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"绿茶有抗氧化的功效，常喝绿茶有助于预防紫外线伤害，从而促进新陈代谢、强化血液微循环、减低肌肤底层黑色素的沉积的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S6q4dQWo4o0gcwxYPm5c6cGbn1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"He0odKwgkosCkCx67Tnc8KFlnjc"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E
6. xz400水平定向钻机价格
建造师是指从事建设工程项目总承包和施工管理关键岗位的执业注册人员。一级建造师，是建设工程行业的一种执业资格，是担任大型工程项目经理的前提条件。
背景信息
一级建造师是指经通过一级建造师考试，取得一级建造师执业资格证书，依法注册后，担任建设工程项目施工的项目经理、从事其他施工活动的管理工作，或者法律、行政法规或国务院建设行政主管部门规定的其他业务的专业技术人员。
报考条件
具体学历、专业、工作年限要求如下：
免试条件
符合以上报名条件的人员，如果已经获得《建筑业企业一级项目经理资质证书》，并且符合下列条件之一，可以免试《建设工程经济》和《建设工程项目管理》2个科目，具体条件为：
1、出任过工程或者工程经济类高级专业技术岗位。
2、工程类或者工程经济类专科以上学历，且从事建设工程项目施工管理工作满二十年。
增项报考条件
一级建造师共有建筑工程、公路工程、铁路工程、民航机场工程、港口与航道工程、水利水电工程、市政公用工程、通信与广电工程、矿业工程和机电工程10个专业类别。
报考人员须已取得一级建造师资格证书方可报考，成绩当年有效。原“一级建造师相应专业考试”档案号不再使用。
一级建造师增项考试只要参加专业科目考试即可，不需要再考四科。
报名流程
第一步：考生注册
1.进入中国人事考试网，点击“网上报名”
第二步、登录报名网站
已有账号直接登录，新用户需先进行注册
第三步、核验并填写学历
要想通过学历核验，请注意：
①、必须使用学信网可查的真实学历。
②、学历上的身份证信息与注册时所填写的身份证信息必须一致。
③、学历信息填写完毕后，在24小时内自动与学信网对比完成核验。
第三步、处理与上传照片
准备好证件照
照片要求：近期彩色标准1寸，半身免冠正面证件照（尺寸25mm*35mm，像素295px*413px），照片底色背景为白色，JPG或JPEG格式。（2018年2月22日以前注册的用户无须更换照片）。
使用照片审核处理工具进行审核
1、下载安装“照片审核处理工具”【注意：请用电脑下载，并解压文件】
点击“照片审核处理工具”下载并解压文件到指定目录中，双击文件夹中的“PhotoProcess.exe”文件运行。操作方法详见目录中readme.doc文件和照片审核处理工具界面中相关说明。
2、点击“打开照片文件”按钮，选择打开源照片文件。
3、点击"保存照片文件"按钮保存审核合格后的照片文件到桌面（默认文件名为：报名照片.jpg）。
4、将保存后的"报名照片.jpg"文件作为报名照片上传至中国人事考试网报名系统。
照片要求
1、半身免冠正面证件照（白色底）证件电子照片，照片必须清晰完整；
2、电子照片需显示双肩、双耳，露双眉，不得上传全身照、风景照、生活照、背带（吊带）衫照、艺术照、侧面照等；
3、电子照片不得进行拉伸、美化等PS操作（照片比例与本人真实情况不符、照片经过美化操作等情况会影响考试期间身份核验）；
4、电子照片文件类型为JPG或JPEG格式，字节大于30KB；
5、电子照片标准尺寸为尺寸25mm*35mm，像素295px*413px。
第四步：填报信息
选择省份
阅读报考须知
填写个人信息
填写个人信息时，一定要如实填写。填写完成之后一定要多检查几遍，再进行信息确认。如果在确认信息之后发现填写的信息有误，则不能自行修改。取消报名之后，才可以进行修改。所以为了避免不必要的麻烦，多检查几遍是最好的。
特别注意事项：该录入或更新报名信息时，如果已经通过某一科目且沉浸在有效期内的话，在通过了科目后会标注其通过时间。
此处需要注意：
①无论是否需要人工核验，都必须选择核查点。学历未通过在线核验的，去核查点人工核验；已通过的则不需要。
②先寻找本专业、相关专业内有没有自己的专业，如果有，点击选择即可，如果没有，选个类似专业，或直接选择第三类：除本专业和相近专业外的专业。
检查信息
第五步、选择报名办理方式
如果选择告知承诺制方式
确认报名信息，签署告知承诺书。
选择不采用告知承诺制方式
需要上传专业工作年限证明或进行现场审核。
第六步、等待审核
第七步、完成缴费
1、准备一张具有网上银行功能的网银卡；
2、进入网上缴费页面;(网上缴费入口，人事考试网都会有提示) ；
3、输入你的身份证号与报考号后点击确定;(报考号是以大写R开头的20位字母与数字组合) ；
’4、查看“照片审核意见”栏内说明，如审核通过，则可以点击页面下方的“在线交费”按钮;(如照片审核未通过，则不会出现此按钮)；
5、支付成功后，如果看到“现缴费用栏”内出现“交费已经成功，XXXX核对支付”同时在线交费按钮消失，则表示交费成功；
6、如未能成功支付，则请检查你的银行卡是否已经具备网上支付功能，如何开通网上银行请致电各家银行服务热线。
考生缴费后应再次查询本人报考信息和缴费状态（网上缴费信息和银行卡扣款信息），确认本人符合报考条件、报考信息无误（特别注意报考级别、专业和科目务必准确）、缴费成功，并重新打印报名表备用。
按目前一建报名情况来看，整个报名流程简化了很多，而且放宽了很多。在报名时只需满足三大条件皆可报考：
①学历信息真实有效，学信网可查，与身份证相同。
②学历至少达到大专以上，选择好自己的工作年限使其符合要求。
③承诺自己的专业符合报考条件。
除了学历信息在线核验之外，工作年限、专业是否符合报考条件皆不进行审核，承诺即可。
关于考试
报考时间
一级建造师的报名时间方面并不固定，受到疫情和经济形势的影响，报名时间有推迟的去向。往年报名时间集中在6、7月份。2022年一级建造师的报名时间预计会在9月份。
考试时间
2022年一级建造师考试时间在11月19日、20日两天。
（1）11月19日9:00--11:00：建设工程经济；14:00-17:00：建设工程法规及相关知识。
（2）11月20日9:00--11:00：建设工程项目管理；14:00-17:00：专业工程管理与实务。
考试科目
一级建造师考试科目有4门，分别为建设工程经济、建设工程法规、建设工程管理以及专业工程管理和实务，其中前三名属于公共科目，最后一门是实务科目，需要注意是的，一级建造师考试成绩采用两年滚动，意思是四门科目两年过就能拿到证书。
一级建造师中的实务科目分是10个专业，分别是建筑工程、公路工程、铁路工程、民航机场工程、港口与水运工程、水利水电、市政公用、通信与广电、矿业工程、机电工程，考生在报考时可以根据工作需要和实际情况选择一个专业考试。
考试题型和分值
《建设工程经济》：单选题60道，1分/道；多选20道，2分/道。满分100分。
《建设工程项目管理》：单选题70道，1分/道；多选30道，2分/道。满分130分。
《建设工程法规及相关知识》：单选题70道，1分/道；多选30道，2分/道。满分130分。
《专业工程管理与实务》：单选题20道，1分/道；多选10道，2分/道；案例题5道，占120分。满分160分。
合格标准
《建设工程经济》：60分及格。
《建设工程项目管理》：78分及格。
《建设工程法规及相关知识》：78分及格。
《专业工程管理与实务》：96分及格。
考试形式
一级建造师考试以笔试的方式进行闭卷考试。实行统一大纲、统一命题、统一组织的考试制度，由人事部、建设部共同组织实施，每年举行一次考试。
成绩查询
登录人事网
官方网址：http://www.cpta.com.cn/，进入主界面后，点击主界面左边的”成绩查询“按钮：
进入成绩查询
输入身份证号、姓名、验证码三项，然后点击查询按钮：
选择考试时间
比如：2020年的一级建造师考试时间是9月，那就选择2020年9月，在右边选择一级建造师执业资格考试，点击进入。
显示成绩界面
证书领取
证书领取时间
一级建造师考试结束到拿到证书差不多要半年的时间，一建考试结束三个月后要发布成绩，之后两个月需要提交办理证书的相关资料和手续，一切结束后还要等两三个月，一建证书才会下发，具体一建证书的领取时间可以看官网的通知。
领取证书资料
本人领取须持本人身份证原件、二寸免冠证件照片、准考证原件。如果是代领，代领人须持本人身份证原件及上述要求的证件。考生的一建成绩通过，领取证书时人事考试院会有通知，或在官网发布，或以信件形式通知，因此想要领取通知，要以官方的通知为准。
证书领书方式
遗失准考证的考生，必须本人自行领取，其他人不得代领。如果本人知道档案号的，领取时请出示身份证;如果忘记了档案号，可到人才考评中心现场查询，并携带考生身份证前来领取。
个人领取
如果是个人领取，需要凭本人有效身份证原件或成绩单领取，成绩单在查询成绩时可以直接打印。
代领
如果是他人或单位代领，需要考生凭代领人及持证人有效身份证原件，需要注意的是，有些省禁止他人代领。
邮寄
部分地区会有证书邮寄、单位代领服务，可见不同地区一级建造师证的领取方式不相同，具体要看所在地区的规定。如果是邮寄的话，需要考生在网络自己申请。
备考方法
备考时间
合理安排好备考的时间显得尤为重要，若时间精力不足可提早准备考试，将备考战线适当拉长，根据自身情况制定个性化备考策略和各阶段复习计划。
一建考试复习时间大概在400~600小时（按550个小时算，如果每天5个小时学习，那么大概需要3-4个月准备，如果每天只有3个小时学习，那么大概需要7-8个月准备）。总体时间分配建议：经济20%，法规20%，管理20%，实务40%。
备考计划
一级建造师考试共四科，分为公共课（经济、法规、管理）和专业实务课。专业实务课是重中之重，其中绝大部分人没有通过一建考试，都是挂在这一科上了。实务与公共课难度排名：实务＞管理＞经济＞法规，实务至少上要花费70%甚至更多的精力去复习。
第一步、视频刷课，打牢基础
想要快速通过一级建造师考试，网络课程是必不可少的。通过网络视频老师的讲解，可以快速抓住重点，实现书本的减负。而且网络课程学习相对比较灵活，能够重复进行学习加强印象，在网络课程的学习中大家必须做好重点的标记。
建议所有视频都是1.5倍速听，因为大家时间都很有限，没有必要听那么慢，第一遍主要的目的就是让大家对所有课程框架有了解，对课程内容熟悉和理解。这个时间大概150小时。
第二步、整理笔记，巩固学习
通过网络课程的学习，把书本中的重点基本上标记出来，可以利用思维导图整理一份自己的学习笔记，将所有的知识点进行网格化、逻辑化，形成自己知识架构体系。这里所有视频课程2倍速听，听完一节、整理一节，接下来的工作就是逐章的进行复习，每复习完一章后同步做题加强印象，巩固学习成果。这个时间大概200小时，大家必须自己动手进行总结，才能有巩固学习的效果。
第三步、题海训练，强化记忆
光看书，不做题，就会导致不知道自己哪块薄弱，所以一建考生备考做习题是必不可少的，一定要做习题，选择真题最好，因为历年真题可以反应出题老师的想法，可以推断出老师的出题风格和习惯，和其他杂七杂八的习题集相比，对考试起到的帮助更多。
这个阶段就要疯狂刷题，这个时间大概100小时。在四个科目都可以做题达到及格线上下时，就可以开始进入这个刷题阶段了。方法就是用APP疯狂刷题，根据APP的统计：错了1次的题目没关系，心里记住就可以。错了2次以上的题目，你就要把这个知识点记到你的笔记里去了。同时，在刷题过程中，每周至少把自己四个科目的笔记全部过一遍，加深印象。
目前有很多手机APP支持一建刷题、自动统计通过率、知识点统计、错题梳理等功能，非常方便，对于上班族来说十分有用，这样我们就可以在上下班以及其他碎片时间里拿出手机来刷十几道题，工作学习两不误。比较推荐的是建造师随身学、一建万题库，大家可以根据需要自己尝试。
第四步、模拟考试，冲刺提升
经过前期的学习，最后阶段就是不断模拟考试。通过真题、模拟题来巩固知识点，强化做题的感觉。由于3门公共课都是选择题,通过做5年内的真题再配合老师所讲的知识点，基本能够搞清楚常考知识点；实务课，必须选择题和公共课类似，简答题需要不断抄写记忆，计算题和画图题，需要不断做题来提高。
3门公共课，把近5年的真题模拟考试，练到什么程度？就是所有考试卷，利用一半时间，就可以得到90%的正确分数。例如，经济，在1个小时内，5年的真题都可以90分以上。实务课，仅仅做真题还是不够的，在做完真题的基础上，必须通过模拟题进行全面训练，模拟考试最好按照4小时进行，这样可以全面的接近实战训练，注意做题速度，把握考试时间，让自己在考前做到心中有数。
最后，需要明白的是：进入社会之后，考试取证是我们给自己镀金的一种行之有效的方法。同时，通过备考，保持自己的学习能力，在这个充满变数的年代，让自己能时刻充满战斗力，这将是让我们受益一生的行为。所以，无论你最后能否通过考试，也不要气馁，不要放弃，老天会善待每一个努力的人。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"建造师是指从事建设工程项目总承包和施工管理关键岗位的执业注册人员。一级建造师，是建设工程行业的一种执业资格，是担任大型工程项目经理的前提条件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnITvWg4QynVjRYflmi8ShLf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"背景信息","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWwiCF62qEX2dFZJzWfFhEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一级建造师是指经通过一级建造师考试，取得一级建造师执业资格证书，依法注册后，担任建设工程项目施工的项目经理、从事其他施工活动的管理工作，或者法律、行政法规或国务院建设行政主管部门规定的其他业务的专业技术人员。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpvmQrsLqwW6zEJpPDxD12c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":378,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"背景信息","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c2ac542ee752490e844d6413c5297805","width":550},"text":"","id":"doxcnAhuMkk7JOVF1FTWI7pjcVb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"报考条件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnASb2xMQUgoRznZkZuTk0bf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"具体学历、专业、工作年限要求如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpBA6ozebfTDm7t9DiGHu2d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":154,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"报考条件","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ec9b50ee1ee4c42b4ac623fbc137ee4","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnsfuJMQCtHS6MooKSeI4FGh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"免试条件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnNL2lsDAQmU3G4lEqoBaa7O"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"符合以上报名条件的人员，如果已经获得《建筑业企业一级项目经理资质证书》，并且符合下列条件之一，可以免试《建设工程经济》和《建设工程项目管理》2个科目，具体条件为：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0aXYOm39GwbV2X2iw4uL6o"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、出任过工程或者工程经济类高级专业技术岗位。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny4MFrCuHlwWa2fVyXclJac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、工程类或者工程经济类专科以上学历，且从事建设工程项目施工管理工作满二十年。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnepOXNouR1unCTk80DlER7K"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"增项报考条件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIHdpcxHmuzT542BPos5l4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一级建造师共有建筑工程、公路工程、铁路工程、民航机场工程、港口与航道工程、水利水电工程、市政公用工程、通信与广电工程、矿业工程和机电工程10个专业类别。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlxPBQxYlzWavz07MRXA3vd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"报考人员须已取得一级建造师资格证书方可报考，成绩当年有效。原“一级建造师相应专业考试”档案号不再使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnpdC7e55A54FmVLR8jzwRRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一级建造师增项考试只要参加专业科目考试即可，不需要再考四科。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn3P99V2s0feqYCgKkcE3fqd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":272,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"增项报考条件","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3036ae6f67804bba88d20f01be907647","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnHw695Efdy7Sz9CHNtCav1c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"报名流程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxazraeupyk3bbZa3jQ3sYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第一步：考生注册","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLq5NjPWW40zAdsYSiWsfnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.进入中国人事考试网，点击“网上报名”","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSB1CV71WZUyRs8nsCmstEg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":362,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"报名流程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ba830c0b582044679ed8426a3e1d09c4","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnxZ5BCTYpBGMAFkZ0lehdrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第二步、登录报名网站","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOs9sUYeZRJrzKBXtaCC4pf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"已有账号直接登录，新用户需先进行注册","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXDi9MwnpsayIu6eCcodO1e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":334,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"报名流程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/377f4b5042de4fc9b5734d4202b17280","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnXs4gVkjIm8rj7KiIh3nzYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第三步、核验并填写学历","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnHoIyZwXrEEjXCMB2ueep3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要想通过学历核验，请注意：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnXcOTQYAtkwp15MbYbkgmWh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①、必须使用学信网可查的真实学历。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnn4MyB0oPhUv7oYidGOd14b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②、学历上的身份证信息与注册时所填写的身份证信息必须一致。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYis8olmncRhnRof0VX58yg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③、学历信息填写完毕后，在24小时内自动与学信网对比完成核验。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn87LouC7xn0cHDBwzenjCBb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":757,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"报名流程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1e7c1f31b6594fca9ea39df259599a8c","width":1609},"text":"","id":"doxcnHXestINippUBRxmqeJT28d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"ty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2、进入网上缴费页面;(网上缴费入口，人事考试网都会有提示) ；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkHLjWy05IyFJ2MSPoEYFtf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、输入你的身份证号与报考号后点击确定;(报考号是以大写R开头的20位字母与数字组合) ；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYzdDqfUTcd2nUZ5CYPnW3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"’4、查看“照片审核意见”栏内说明，如审核通过，则可以点击页面下方的“在线交费”按钮;(如照片审核未通过，则不会出现此按钮)；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuE5QOpf6d1Chx1e3NlhurU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 5、支付成功后，如果看到“现缴费用栏”内出现“交费已经成功，XXXX核对支付”同时在线交费按钮消失，则表示交费成功；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGTNhovLN7pMb40xLv6hhcc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、如未能成功支付，则请检查你的银行卡是否已经具备网上支付功能，如何开通网上银行请致电各家银行服务热线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbsfwxR6YptQsNoMwTdENLJ"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":415,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"报名流程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e605a51668f14c3f86c4eb771ab0346a","width":986},"text":"","id":"doxcnwLnFl3vVgcVlPSQ10KaWYA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"考生缴费后应再次查询本人报考信息和缴费状态（网上缴费信息和银行卡扣款信息），确认本人符合报考条件、报考信息无误（特别注意报考级别、专业和科目务必准确）、缴费成功，并重新打印报名表备用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnP5QaP03Hw0xc8E644bahie"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1120,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"报名流程","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6475e6451ae64060a1bac5860ec94cc0","width":460},"text":"","id":"doxcnu11Y7xg9cbOycrJrmrZJAG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"按目前一建报名情况来看，整个报名流程简化了很多，而且放宽了很多。在报名时只需满足三大条件皆可报考：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMeW6VRYcgb3gKoRvyFkqMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①学历信息真实有效，学信网可查，与身份证相同。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVV1sjAFXvKRd5Z2s0R43if"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②学历至少达到大专以上，选择好自己的工作年限使其符合要求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnRuH1ay4P0eXtapOgja3azf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③承诺自己的专业符合报考条件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlSXF8R58oJc21BRky4DWEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了学历信息在线核验之外，工作年限、专业是否符合报考条件皆不进行审核，承诺即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniOnapGdjyUD15ozF5glzJf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于考试","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZLuTzOmWBsgb8c2YeE09Vh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"报考时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnFJ1XJCFuM2pM2ToS1DTxxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一级建造师的报名时间方面并不固定，受到疫情和经济形势的影响，报名时间有推迟的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"去向","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。往年报名时间集中在6、7月份。2022年一级建造师的报名时间预计会在9月份。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn17ZcmXKEALHXvZPpgVomwf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoZILPNACy9MbQibcgrif2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2022年一级建造师考试时间在11月19日、20日两天。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOCqW7rCPfrggnevJa7IPVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）11月19日9:00--11:00：建设工程经济；14:00-17:00：建设工程法规及相关知识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSoJkifwCyu8QqvDy96RbNr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）11月20日9:00--11:00：建设工程项目管理；14:00-17:00：专业工程管理与实务。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnR7EAnCt20KoKU9eEapumB2"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试科目","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnARKbuAFm9Kp0O3B1hIFd8b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一级建造师考试科目有4门，分别为建设工程经济、建设工程法规、建设工程管理以及专业工程管理和实务，其中前三名属于公共科目，最后一门是实务科目，需要注意是的，一级建造师考试成绩采用两年滚动，意思是四门科目两年过就能拿到证书。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZmUXDpL9pW9sTEYBfQGS1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一级建造师中的实务科目分是10个专业，分别是建筑工程、公路工程、铁路工程、民航机场工程、港口与水运工程、水利水电、市政公用、通信与广电、矿业工程、机电工程，考生在报考时可以根据工作需要和实际情况选择一个专业考试。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkXJiY0wXA9492hdTa2qV7f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试题型和分值","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcndyzMlK8C5mHZQD7HBhaoWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程经济》：单选题60道，1分/道；多选20道，2分/道。满分100分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKFdmkhgzC7ao8b3yf2o2sh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程项目管理》：单选题70道，1分/道；多选30道，2分/道。满分130分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnp2VQp1NZW6BDKapcmQIrlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程法规及相关知识》：单选题70道，1分/道；多选30道，2分/道。满分130分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8vpM0SjO6OrKkfNOZtEptg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《专业工程管理与实务》：单选题20道，1分/道；多选10道，2分/道；案例题5道，占120分。满分160分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnBXcU3pRFe23YID5IBYNyIe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"合格标准","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxtbVDTT4rvlC2GHfqsLJaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程经济》：60分及格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna1HmLutGOB4AzUHBlWxlBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程项目管理》：78分及格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlzFf1oF2b6XiJpwD0EHiAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建设工程法规及相关知识》：78分及格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnbuKkfy4e23ZkifxoIe30mh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《专业工程管理与实务》：96分及格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLH2R4YNeyp2l3krTSwlv0m"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试形式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnLcLhDl3iWhSsVmbOsnKHBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一级建造师考试以笔试的方式进行闭卷考试。实行统一大纲、统一命题、统一组织的考试制度，由人事部、建设部共同组织实施，每年举行一次考试。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnakOlIdXv9mhvsVWAHmlCZe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"成绩查询","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnl8uYBKqYZvpQeBvuFbd6Ig"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"登录人事网","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna1OfDif9jpvvZ0JLoYpZPE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"官方网址：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"http://www.cpta.com.cn/"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"http://www.cpta.com.cn/","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，进入主界面后，点击主界面左边的”成绩查询“按钮：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqspnxW5qH5rjvhLBefayeh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":510,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"登录人事网","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/04f6029a819b44e58d2f1e774a7398a8","width":1031},"text":"","id":"doxcnI6f7K8fSkaXi02nvLZZnTe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"进入成绩查询","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmh2e4q6P74HsX3YLIb8qAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"输入身份证号、姓名、验证码三项，然后点击查询按钮：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCrSxEKv4Cx6qOakkUB4ENg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":261,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"进入成绩查询","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b1efad3610b649d68a1717eab2c1722d","width":512},"text":"","id":"doxcnpSNpHQWS6VwVPkeRWxSseh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择考试时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnrOmS0iSizMB4oiK0dd6cWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"比如：2020年的一级建造师考试时间是9月，那就选择2020年9月，在右边选择一级建造师执业资格考试，点击进入。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni2Wmgmoz6JvLQomckm36Pe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":347,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选择考试时间","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/990f380a3c1149fcb37b46761a0062d0","width":644},"text":"","id":"doxcnwtxJHBTrMeHvRz7CcXp8Uh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示成绩界面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW9Obeb2Y0ntzz0t5bpPboh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":219,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"显示成绩界面","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d080fc7ebaf9430e8906025ca7a5b396","width":639},"text":"","id":"doxcnduqh2WWeG6YiSIzGspQ8Xd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"证书领取","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnlQmqTBfFtOLQp9mOpUWh4b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"证书领取时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniTp5ICb3VvSsKXxIV3ECJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一级建造师考试结束到拿到证书差不多要半年的时间，一建考试结束三个月后要发布成绩，之后两个月需要提交办理证书的相关资料和手续，一切结束后还要等两三个月，一建证书才会下发，具体一建证书的领取时间可以看官网的通知。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnypFVjUt5Rcur4DCz12vsBh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"领取证书资料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn1lnwLyzibgea8k7ymipdQe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本人领取须持本人身份证原件、二寸免冠证件照片、准考证原件。如果是代领，代领人须持本人身份证原件及上述要求的证件。考生的一建成绩通过，领取证书时人事考试院会有通知，或在官网发布，或以信件形式通知，因此想要领取通知，要以官方的通知为准。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnvNTF3D6HZWeCBXi69Exgxy"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"证书","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"领书","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnZ8Eac6yDZdJq5WRwSexsCQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"遗失准考证的考生，必须本人自行领取，其他人不得代领。如果本人知道档案号的，领取时请出示身份证;如果忘记了档案号，可到人才考评中心现场查询，并携带考生身份证前来领取。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDO2RoinrdC6nhKPRyManTe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"个人领取","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnD3FuZ1XYQwLR5SqRapr4Ty"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果是个人领取，需要凭本人有效身份证原件或成绩单领取，成绩单在查询成绩时可以直接打印。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnj5gnGrwSGiNcOmI8QjVhVf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"代领","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnfqm2xU8dsAK6XSG3VfCLDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果是他人或单位代领，需要考生凭代领人及持证人有效身份证原件，需要注意的是，有些省禁止他人代领。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnintjrl5GM2ZyIXdIPTCPSg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"邮寄","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnPxezC40YIRLS0rQtzUEpzh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"部分地区会有证书邮寄、单位代领服务，可见不同地区一级建造师证的领取方式不相同，具体要看所在地区的规定。如果是邮寄的话，需要考生在网络自己申请。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnybf8jYuBqSdF92zwvt2Jcc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":592,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"邮寄","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1b19a4a59df84c48ab932fced26141cc","width":850},"text":"","id":"doxcnF739yqIWitL1yDIC7UuDYb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"备考方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnavDFaz6CTRU5XokaIPDBxa"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"备考时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnDUzzMqTL5cGsJS9uomWNqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"合理安排好备考的时间显得尤为重要，若时间精力不足可提早准备考试，将备考战线适当拉长，根据自身情况制定个性化备考策略和各阶段复习计划。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSLkdKoYPnFGRhZRqPOpo0d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一建考试复习时间大概在400~600小时（按550个小时算，如果每天5个小时学习，那么大概需要3-4个月准备，如果每天只有3个小时学习，那么大概需要7-8个月准备）。总体时间分配建议：经济20%，法规20%，管理20%，实务40%。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2rKYU6Wxsa2ClkAN8krM3g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"备考计划","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEtrIjwdO974zrF4Y8pdH0f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一级建造师考试共四科，分为公共课（经济、法规、管理）和专业实务课。专业实务课是重中之重，其中绝大部分人没有通过一建考试，都是挂在这一科上了。实务与公共课难度排名：实务＞管理＞经济＞法规，实务至少上要花费70%甚至更多的精力去复习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnklrDp3V2bfPDwHAB0vw4Hd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第一步、视频刷课，打牢基础","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnJlKrKNYlfa5CB6b7svwoce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"想要快速通过一级建造师考试，网络课程是必不可少的。通过网络视频老师的讲解，可以快速抓住重点，实现书本的减负。而且网络课程学习相对比较灵活，能够重复进行学习加强印象，在网络课程的学习中大家必须做好重点的标记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSEichTp8mUHyBUR8zqqMLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"建议所有视频都是1.5倍速听，因为大家时间都很有限，没有必要听那么慢，第一遍主要的目的就是让大家对所有课程框架有了解，对课程内容熟悉和理解。这个时间大概150小时。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnhnzkcVIxhFwkgFkKQ9KJ0g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":303,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"备考计划","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a17febcd941542f9a53d0967dd1b9540","width":691},"text":"","id":"doxcnzlnebs8AaahjrrG5WBMVNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第二步、整理笔记，巩固学习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmt6auyZzxZDFpBOU7OiYTc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过网络课程的学习，把书本中的重点基本上标记出来，可以利用思维导图整理一份自己的学习笔记，将所有的知识点进行网格化、逻辑化，形成自己知识架构体系。这里所有视频课程2倍速听，听完一节、整理一节，接下来的工作就是逐章的进行复习，每复习完一章后同步做题加强印象，巩固学习成果。这个时间大概200小时，大家必须自己动手进行总结，才能有巩固学习的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnxf3YHhkYD7k1tPcxRqJMuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第三步、题海训练，强化记忆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkCZKCWv75P4j8I4LzDqXYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"光看书，不做题，就会导致不知道自己哪块薄弱，所以一建考生备考做习题是必不可少的，一定要做习题，选择真题最好，因为历年真题可以反应出题老师的想法，可以推断出老师的出题风格和习惯，和其他杂七杂八的习题集相比，对考试起到的帮助更多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSbcRssOxsbsvZWpu7z06ne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个阶段就要疯狂刷题，这个时间大概100小时。在四个科目都可以做题达到及格线上下时，就可以开始进入这个刷题阶段了。方法就是用APP疯狂刷题，根据APP的统计：错了1次的题目没关系，心里记住就可以。错了2次以上的题目，你就要把这个知识点记到你的笔记里去了。同时，在刷题过程中，每周至少把自己四个科目的笔记全部过一遍，加深印象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIZ54qX7tXHgAovMSCLCEXg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"目前有很多手机APP支持一建刷题、自动统计通过率、知识点统计、错题梳理等功能，非常方便，对于上班族来说十分有用，这样我们就可以在上下班以及其他碎片时间里拿出手机来刷十几道题，工作学习两不误。比较推荐的是建造师随身学、一建万题库，大家可以根据需要自己尝试。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngUzBOM0CeoBc3wQouc8XRd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":717,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"备考计划","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/836f93301c254e0aa1dc490b4d3528f0","width":379},"text":"","id":"K44ide2aeoUWWexWq2fcAPqcnDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第四步、模拟考试，冲刺提升","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Z92X5yBoSjH4vddoiPkzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"经过前期的学习，最后阶段就是不断模拟考试。通过真题、模拟题来巩固知识点，强化做题的感觉。由于3门公共课都是选择题,通过做5年内的真题再配合老师所讲的知识点，基本能够搞清楚常考知识点；实务课，必须选择题和公共课类似，简答题需要不断抄写记忆，计算题和画图题，需要不断做题来提高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnVjfafjxjbgLfiSOAMqwL9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3门公共课，把近5年的真题模拟考试，练到什么程度？就是所有考试卷，利用一半时间，就可以得到90%的正确分数。例如，经济，在1个小时内，5年的真题都可以90分以上。实务课，仅仅做真题还是不够的，在做完真题的基础上，必须通过模拟题进行全面训练，模拟考试最好按照4小时进行，这样可以全面的接近实战训练，注意做题速度，把握考试时间，让自己在考前做到心中有数。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6qv6ktgYNP4gO0mXQCluMh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"备考计划","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d214142cf28e4daea049949b24402e97","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcnMMf30aRpHesKpp0pSmOCEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最后，需要明白的是：进入社会之后，考试取证是我们给自己镀金的一种行之有效的方法。同时，通过备考，保持自己的学习能力，在这个充满变数的年代，让自己能时刻充满战斗力，这将是让我们受益一生的行为。所以，无论你最后能否通过考试，也不要气馁，不要放弃，老天会善待每一个努力的人。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSCC7DihTtxWBcZ39nXZ72f"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E
7. xz200水平定向钻机
叉车驾驶证顾名思义就是叉车驾驶员必备的一个职业证明，是驾驶证的一种。叉车，是机械化装卸、堆垛和短距离运输的高效设备。叉车证属于特种特种设备作业操作证，至少有安监总局，质检总局或建设部考核并发证。
报考条件
根据《特种设备作业人员监督管理办法》（国家质检总局令第70号）第十条：申请《特种设备作业人员证》的人员应当符合下列条件：
1、年龄18周岁以上；
2、身体健康且满足申请从事的作业种类对身体的特殊要求；
3、有与申请作业种类相适应的文化程度；
4、有与申请作业种类相适应的工作经历，
5、具有相应的安全技术知识与技能；(如没有就需要先培训)
6、符合安全技术规范规定的其他要求。
以上资料可以参考各省的网站特种设备作业人员考核管理平台：http://www.sxtskh.com/index.shtml
报考材料
叉车驾驶证是属于特种车辆驾驶证 ，要到全国市级质量监督局指定叉车训练基地报考办理，报考办理时，要携带身份证原件及复印件，一寸照片两张。
考试内容
叉车证的考试分为两大类别，理论考试和实操考试。理论考试一般是考叉车驾驶的基本知识，以及一些安全知识，实操考试内容分两大项，桩考和路考。
理论知识考试
采用计算机考试方式，包含：专业知识、事故分析、交通标志、仪表识别、叉车部件识别、叉车零部件、基础知识、安全操作技术、安全知识、法规知识、特种安全设备安全法、综合知识点。
其中安全知识考查范围：
（1）说明叉车工作装置的安全要求
（2）叉车安全操作规程，叉车作业需知
（3）叉车装卸作业时的安全原则及注意事项，特种设备安全监察条例
桩考
(一)场内“8”字行驶考核：
场地尺寸： A=2倍车宽+1200 mm B=车长
C=车宽+600 mm D=车长
R=2倍轴距的长度+600mm r=轴距的长度
行驶路线：采用空车行驶，叉车从车库驶出到达1，由1倒车至2(甲库)，从2前进到3，由3倒车至4(乙库)，从4前进到5走一次8字，经6行驶到7，由7倒车经5入走第二次8字，由6回至车库。
技术要求：
1、车辆要求：叉车一般采用2吨或3吨叉车，结构、设备完整，技术状态良好，经广州市质量技术监督局检验合格，证照齐备。
2、场地要求;场地尺寸必须符合该车型尺寸参数，地面要平整坚实，没有障碍物，周围设置安全标线和标志，保证场地与设备为考试专用，场地内显眼地方悬挂安全操作规程、考场规定及候考区有遮阳挡雨设施等。
3、时间要求：4分钟内完成。计时从叉车起步行驶开始至整个场内“8”字行驶考核完成，人离驾驶室时结束。要求起步和结束时都要鸣号示意。
4、场地标线要求：用黄色油漆描画，线宽50mm。
5、场内标杆要求：桩头高度15厘米，杆孔直径40mm，采用考委会指定的扇形铸铁桩头，以保证标杆的稳定性和防止桩头被车轮挤压飞出伤人。标杆高度1500mm，采用红白相间，间距300mm。
6、操作要求：
(1)叉车货叉全开，空车行驶。
(2)严格按规定路线行驶
(3)起步要鸣号，起步与转向时都要打转向灯(8字行驶除外
(4)行驶中不准碰桩，发动机不得无故熄火
(5)行驶中和停车后，车辆任何部分都不能出线和压线
(6)车没停稳不得反向起步
(7)倒车时必须向后瞭望，确定安全后再倒车
(8)行驶中货叉离地面200-300mm，门架要略往后倾，不得边行驶边调整货叉高度和角度
(9)不得原地打方向盘和长时间半联动行车
(10)动作要规范，操作要熟练准确，不得有明显的失误
(11)整个操作过程要连贯，中途不得无故停顿、反复操作和调整
(12)行驶中车轮不得频繁左摇右摆或转弯时车速过高
(13)行驶中双手不准同时离开方向盘
(14)操作完成后，整车必须停在车库内，拉手刹，挂空档，货叉水平落地，并鸣号示意
(15)听从指挥，不得有违规违纪行为。
7、考评要求：考评员要熟悉评分标准，严格按照考核评分表中的评分项目进行评分。个别项目由于包含的内容很多，如考核细则中“动作不规范或操作不熟练”一项，考评时要把握好评分尺度，因为驾驶操作要领中对头、眼、颈、身体、手、腿、脚等部位都有具体要求：又如多次挂不入档、行驶中方向两边摆、车速控制不稳、起步后溜等等，属于操作不熟练，考评时注意力一定要集中，做到公平公正，准确评分。
8、场内8字行驶考试有二次机会，第一次不合格，可进行第二次，但第二次重考的次序由考评员根据考生的实际情况来确定。
(二)叉载“工”字行驶考核
场地尺寸： A=车总长+500mm B=2倍车宽 C=车宽
D=1300mm M=2A+B (mm) N=B+B+B(mm),两货盘尺寸相同
行驶路线： 叉车从车库出到1，叉起一货盘后倒车至2，从2驶到3，放下货盘后倒车至4，从4驶到5叉起剩下的货盘倒车至6，从6驶到7，放下货盘后倒车至8，再前行至到9，叉起两货盘后退至10，由10驶到11，放下两货盘后倒车至车库12。
技术要求：
1、车辆要求;叉车一般采用2吨或3吨叉车，结构、设备完整，技术状态良好，经广州市质量技术监督局检验合格，证照齐备。
2、场地要求;场地尺寸必须符合该车型尺寸参数，地面要平整坚实，没有障碍物，周围设置安全标线和标志，保证场地与设备为考试专用，场地内显眼地方悬挂安全操作规程、考场纪律及候考区有遮阳挡雨设施等。
3、时间要求：5分钟内完成。计时从叉车起步行驶开始至整个叉载“工”字行驶考核完成人离驾驶室时结束。要求起步和结束时都要鸣号示意。
4、场地标线要求：用黄色油漆描画，线宽50mm。
5、场内标杆要求：与场内8字行驶考核相同。
6、货盘尺寸要求：叉板共二件，每件尺寸为长×宽×高(内孔)=1100×1100×100mm，上下面板用10mm，侧板和中间隔板用15mm钢板焊接而成。
7、操作要求：(1)车辆严格按规定路线行驶
(2)起步要鸣号，起步和转向时都要打转向灯
(3)行驶中不准碰桩，发动机不得无故熄火
(4)行驶中和停车后，车辆任何部分都不能出线和压线
(5)装卸货盘时门架要垂直，拉手刹，挂空档
(6)操作要平稳，不得碰撞和推移货盘，叉载时叉齿必须完全进入货盘，卸载时货盘必须放置在画线范围内并且堆叠要整齐
(7)行驶中货盘离地面200-300mm，门架要略往后倾，不得边行驶边调整货叉高度和角度;(8)不得原地打方向盘和长时间半联动行车
(9)车没停稳不得反向起步
(10)倒车时必须向后瞭望，确定安全后再倒车
(11)动作要规范，操作要熟练准确，不得有明显的失误
(12)整个操作过程要连贯，中途不得无故停顿、反复操作和调整
(13)行驶中车轮不得频繁左摇右摆或车速过高造成单边车轮离地
(14)行驶中双手不准同时离开方向盘
(15)操作完成后，整车必须停在车库内，挂空档，拉手刹，货叉水平落地，并鸣号示意;(16)听从指挥，不得有违规违纪行为。
8、考评要求：考评员要熟悉评分标准，严格按照考核评分表中的评分项目进行评分。个别项目由于包含的内容很多，如考核细则中“动作不规范或操作不熟练”一项，考评时要把握好评分尺度，因为驾驶操作要领中对头、眼、颈、身体、手、腿、脚等部位都有规范要求，考评时要把握尺度;对多次挂不入档、行驶中方向频繁两边摆、车速控制不稳、起步后溜等等，判为操作不熟练。考评时注意力一定要集中，做到公平公正，准确评分。
9、叉载“工”字行驶考试有二次机会，第一次不合格，可进行第二次操作。
注：场内“8”字行驶，叉载“工”字行驶具体评分操作参考《叉车驾驶实操考核评分表》
路考
（一）考核要求：
1、时间设置：3～4分钟(行驶里程约1000m)。
2、道路设置：行驶路线必须具有：
(1)8% ≤坡度 ≤15%
(2)十字路口
(3)不平路段
(4)障碍路段
(5)车辆掉头路段。
（二）考试内容：斜坡起步;换档变速;上坡和下坡;十字路口左转弯;不平路段行驶;狭窄路段调头;定点停车;交通标志的识别。(须叉载行驶
（三）考核评定：分合格与不合格两种。有下列情况之一的为不及格
1、起步不打转向灯或发生间歇前冲、剧烈跳动的。
2、坡道起步后退的。
3、不能正确掌握方向，使车辆驶出路外或发生“划龙”行驶;一手换挡一手不能有效掌握方向盘;转弯角度过大使车辆偏离道路中心线行驶的。
4、原地打方向;用半联动加大油门控制车速的。
5、未按换挡顺序越级换档;挂不进档位或挂挡时发生严重齿轮碰击响声;入错挡位的。
6、不能根据路面、交通、载荷等情况合理运用动力和掌握换档时机正确控制车速的。
7、行至障碍路段、因操作不当使车辆无法行驶的。
8、停车不正或停在路中或停车过急的。
9、发动机中途熄火的。
10、狭窄路段调头不能三前两后完成的。
11、转弯时，不会使用转向灯或不会通过倒后镜观察车后事物的。
12、倒车没有向后瞭望的。
13、会车地点选择不正确，使双方无法行车。
14、不懂交通标志或违反交通规则的。
15、违反驾驶安全操作规程的。
16、安全意识差，预见性差，缺乏应变能力的。
17、不听从交通管理人员指挥或发生行车事故的。
备考建议
叉车证的考试分为两大类别，理论考试和实操考试。
理论考试
理论考试一般是考叉车驾驶的基本知识，以及一些安全知识。建议在驾考宝典APP上多进行刷题练习
叉车驾驶员实操考试内容分两大项，桩考和路考。
实操考试内容分为场地考试和场内道路两个部分，场地考试合格后，才能进行场内道路的考试。
实操考试
场地考试技巧（桩考）
场地考试考核考生叉车起步、前进、倒车、转向、停车、作业等基本操作的熟练和规范程度，并观察其判断和控制能力。考试采用单独驾驶的方式，按照规定的线路，完成规定的项目。
考生完成以下考试流程动作，即完成该项目考试：
甲库起步→前进至乙库，拆垛堆垛物件1→后退至丁库→前进至丙库并将堆垛物件1堆垛至空位→后退至货叉完全退出堆垛架→前进并拆垛堆垛物件2→后退至甲库→前进至乙库并将堆垛物件2堆垛至原空位→后退至甲库停车→结束。
场内道路考试技巧（路考）
场内考试要观察考生在考试过程中是否遵守交通法规及《工业企业厂内铁路、道路运输安全规程》，并求考生在考试过程中，完成以下动作：
考生检查车辆→门架起升后倾→松开驻车制动，鸣号起步→按照厂区规定和考评员指示完成加减挡变换、转向、直角转弯、坡道定点停车与起步、调头等动作→停车，门架下降前倾→拉紧驻车制动、熄火、拔下钥匙。
合格标准
叉车考试分为理论知识考试和操作技能考核两项。
1、理论知识考试时间为90分钟，考试试卷由100道题目组成。题型包含判断题、单项选择题、多项选择题。满分100分，70分及格，其中判断题40题，每题1分；单选题40题，每题1分；多选题20题，每题1分。
2、操作技能考核：采用现场实际操作方式，包括场地考试和场内道路考试。操作技能考核主要考叉车驾驶技能、叉车作业技能、发动机供油系统故障诊断、电路故障诊断、叉车的日常维护与保养、叉车的一级维护与保养。理论知识和实际操作技能考试全部合格，则综合评定为合格。
以上资料可以参考各省的网站特种设备作业人员考核管理平台：http://www.sxtskh.com/index.shtml
领取方式
考试结束后，考试机构应当在20个工作日内将考试结果告知申请人，并公布考试成绩。
叉车驾驶证不是由公安交通管理部门颁发的，而是由质量监督管理部门颁发的，去普通的驾校咨询是没有用的。这主要是因为叉车属于特种设备，由质量监督管理部门管理，所需证件也是由质量监督管理部门颁发的。
国家市场监督管理总局平台 （https://zwfw.samr.gov.cn/server）
年审
按照规定，叉车驾驶证2011年以前发的证每两年年审一次，2011年7月份以后发的证是4年年审一次，每次年审都需要4天的时间。而且是初次领证的和年审的都在一起，前3天学习，最后一天才考试，考试通过后给予年审。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"叉车驾驶证顾名思义就是叉车驾驶员必备的一个职业证明，是驾驶证的一种。叉车，是机械化装卸、堆垛和短距离运输的高效设备。叉车证属于特种特种设备作业操作证，至少有安监总局，质检总局或建设部考核并发证。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW8AQkmCqQQQyGGpP4bmKg2"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"报考条件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUgCE26KgcKcO2HaQlOiQnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据《特种设备作业人员监督管理办法》（国家质检总局令第70号）第十条：申请《特种设备作业人员证》的人员应当符合下列条件：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqKSSk6wKiqEWyszgZu7K5e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、年龄18周岁以上；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoWw2AgmySsKmqDim54tvM0"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、身体健康且满足申请从事的作业种类对身体的特殊要求；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAykewSmwkkKkAlrNRZ43cg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、有与申请作业种类相适应的文化程度；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna8icQO2gWSss4gh67QRvVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、有与申请作业种类相适应的工作经历，","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneAcci86Ms0GuufQZ1bdu7L"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、具有相应的安全技术知识与技能；(如没有就需要先培训)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn02aEUWWOAUuomenkk5enif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、符合安全技术规范规定的其他要求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAGyOQkkMc444aOshOzW1cf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以上资料可以参考各省的网","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"站特种设备作业人员考核管理平台：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"http://www.sxtskh.com/index.shtml"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"http://www.sxtskh.com/index.shtml","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne6u6sGEu2AMikB0Wqhv2L8"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":634,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"报考条件","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2ecbb7f2a8584397ab76453debb71e1b","width":1300},"text":"","id":"doxcna0M0ow88gE0CCIMc5t7cqe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"报考材料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6eM4oCkw8aICqIpbHMGW2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"叉车驾驶证是属于特种车辆驾驶证 ，要到全国市级质量监督局指定叉车训练基地报考办理，报考办理时，要携带身份证原件及复印件，一寸照片两张。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnco2SesWwWQEu0Y2s1Hwy9c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试内容","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCIiw0Kaa40mckDE5sW18Lf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"叉车证的考试分为两大类别，理论考试和实操考试。","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"理论考试一般是考叉车驾驶的基本知识，以及一些安全知识，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"实操考试内容分两大项，桩考和路考。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC6OEygsyMqGQcVPLbyjrVf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"理论知识考试","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMCmKUqUKYq4aEr1uHy2K8c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"采用计算机考试方式，包含：专业知识、事故分析、交通标志、仪表识别、叉车部件识别、叉车零部件、基础知识、安全操作技术、安全知识、法规知识、特种安全设备安全法、综合知识点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkes4QcswaCIyKQvouGUac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其中安全知识考查范围：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCmUgi2Aq00sMuGVg9W90pf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）说明叉车工作装置的安全要求","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoS2uSsYWe0qQEXZdMlYXTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）叉车安全操作规程，叉车作业需知","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoE2gmywYyi2Yc7HbbrADxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）叉车装卸作业时的安全原则及注意事项，特种设备安全监察条例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIKkEEioWooUcE5bk2VQ6Nc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":932,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"理论知识考试","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f02054fe2d064d1ba4deb094acbbf4cc","width":1080},"text":"","id":"doxcnq20aU0MywUiYaQthOUTKXg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"桩考","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE4y6UgaK0Eq661cTpzz4Qe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(一)场内“8”字行驶考核：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAowmiUIAgy4wpSHK63Ttgn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"场地尺寸： A=2倍车宽+1200 mm B=车长","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSIQS8QUyUM00S2q5O5drVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"C=车宽+600 mm D=车长","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUcaqIIKoK2IUesapb6lHgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"R=2倍轴距的长度+600mm r=轴距的长度","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCYAWmgqsQ22g62gXsB08pg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行驶路线：采用空车行驶，叉车从车库驶出到达1，由1倒车至2(甲库)，从2前进到3，由3倒车至4(乙库)，从4前进到5走一次8字，经6行驶到7，由7倒车经5入走第二次8字，由6回至车库。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0G0IoskC6kUsGuqyPzpROe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"技术要求：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyo0w0G8k0ue6Mtv9HsHLBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、车辆要求：叉车一般采用2吨或3吨叉车，结构、设备完整，技术状态良好，经广州市质量技术监督局检验合格，证照齐备。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCYUEwQQuKEUi8Vsj0lB9sg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、场地要求;场地尺寸必须符合该车型尺寸参数，地面要平整坚实，没有障碍物，周围设置安全标线和标志，保证场地与设备为考试专用，场地内显眼地方悬挂安全操作规程、考场规定及候考区有遮阳挡雨设施等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAQK8mWqO6QwCeuRRoYQRje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、时间要求：4分钟内完成。计时从叉车起步行驶开始至整个场内“8”字行驶考核完成，人离驾驶室时结束。要求起步和结束时都要鸣号示意。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsogGSu6QWuoOg1QkIODzFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、场地标线要求：用黄色油漆描画，线宽50mm。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGOe4miSWkk8Os3rEw88Yfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、场内标杆要求：桩头高度15厘米，杆孔直径40mm，采用考委会指定的扇形铸铁桩头，以保证标杆的稳定性和防止桩头被车轮挤压飞出伤人。标杆高度1500mm，采用红白相间，间距300mm。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMaCEgykiS6Os49clMN9KZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、操作要求：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnssKgM0KmOYuySkYGPrpGNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)叉车货叉全开，空车行驶。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGe2kmyooIK2YSsEdBfZXed"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)严格按规定路线行驶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneQcoyI2IwSEiwpvw7s15h9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)起步要鸣号，起步与转向时都要打转向灯(8字行驶除外","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8miiG6ceUgQ8IH2rP7pLXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)行驶中不准碰桩，发动机不得无故熄火","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnusCiQ6Yi6Em8klDrQJKode"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)行驶中和停车后，车辆任何部分都不能出线和压线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKscoq08oUEgIQDmCztkK6g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(6)车没停稳不得反向起步","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngyuCEOUSG0cGQtDbqjwV7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(7)倒车时必须向后瞭望，确定安全后再倒车","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwAyMeouSuuWO6HqawQMR2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(8)行驶中货叉离地面200-300mm，门架要略往后倾，不得边行驶边调整货叉高度和角度","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIGycO6OgEuYuG8yGstQIbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(9)不得原地打方向盘和长时间半联动行车","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIiowEsCCaYuyotwOhHoYHg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(10)动作要规范，操作要熟练准确，不得有明显的失误","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0yYMk0yEIkm2eMqSOlPOSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(11)整个操作过程要连贯，中途不得无故停顿、反复操作和调整","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGqoku2w6U4MgWg9xkrgrRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(12)行驶中车轮不得频繁左摇右摆或转弯时车速过高","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwW6828Ye6oc4AHWBiHBl7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(13)行驶中双手不准同时离开方向盘","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOmessCk6eGUiExZt0hhSDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(14)操作完成后，整车必须停在车库内，拉手刹，挂空档，货叉水平落地，并鸣号示意","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOQe6OigOyImaA9eC9jrGle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(15)听从指挥，不得有违规违纪行为。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8wc8KW0eUOQuuK11jEssCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、考评要求：考评员要熟悉评分标准，严格按照考核评分表中的评分项目进行评分。个别项目由于包含的内容很多，如考核细则中“动作不规范或操作不熟练”一项，考评时要把握好评分尺度，因为驾驶操作要领中对头、眼、颈、身体、手、腿、脚等部位都有具体要求：又如多次挂不入档、行驶中方向两边摆、车速控制不稳、起步后溜等等，属于操作不熟练，考评时注意力一定要集中，做到公平公正，准确评分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQAkwk8MOOUc6aTwQPpKMDZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、场内8字行驶考试有二次机会，第一次不合格，可进行第二次，但第二次重考的次序由考评员根据考生的实际情况来确定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCg6sgoWg8EWWIrW5OhXZ1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(二)叉载“工”字行驶考核","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkmymk0i0c6SuK4XE2rU6mf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"场地尺寸： A=车总长+500mm B=2倍车宽 C=车宽","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4i6OsCA2EIq0K60iaV2Aog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"D=1300mm M=2A+B (mm) N=B+B+B(mm),两货盘尺寸相同","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqCYQkKEoI2C6egAmKu60rd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行驶路线： 叉车从车库出到1，叉起一货盘后倒车至2，从2驶到3，放下货盘后倒车至4，从4驶到5叉起剩下的货盘倒车至6，从6驶到7，放下货盘后倒车至8，再前行至到9，叉起两货盘后退至10，由10驶到11，放下两货盘后倒车至车库12。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOyGcoqcUwMyMoz6C963ACc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"技术要求：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkuW2u6C8MQK029Hrc2Ipjd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、车辆要求;叉车一般采用2吨或3吨叉车，结构、设备完整，技术状态良好，经广州市质量技术监督局检验合格，证照齐备。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuuigMec8Ee8K6VqBjC1Uxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、场地要求;场地尺寸必须符合该车型尺寸参数，地面要平整坚实，没有障碍物，周围设置安全标线和标志，保证场地与设备为考试专用，场地内显眼地方悬挂安全操作规程、考场纪律及候考区有遮阳挡雨设施等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsam0qwEkeuKg2ZGWrg0xuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、时间要求：5分钟内完成。计时从叉车起步行驶开始至整个叉载“工”字行驶考核完成人离驾驶室时结束。要求起步和结束时都要鸣号示意。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCUUS2UwQ0OiyqYYxB5PCPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、场地标线要求：用黄色油漆描画，线宽50mm。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY8OimA68Au8gOG7caDxbT0"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、场内标杆要求：与场内8字行驶考核相同。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAAwc8OegOiEWOsFxpzuUKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、货盘尺寸要求：叉板共二件，每件尺寸为长×宽×高(内孔)=1100×1100×100mm，上下面板用10mm，侧板和中间隔板用15mm钢板焊接而成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno4KMMY8aueSsjg76zfdFEW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、操作要求：(1)车辆严格按规定路线行驶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyISIyW4gUUymIltZUXqrPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)起步要鸣号，起步和转向时都要打转向灯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQuwMsOAMus8ok5MVjJt4mb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)行驶中不准碰桩，发动机不得无故熄火","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGaK6WyewqQiUEnROsDZ0rh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)行驶中和停车后，车辆任何部分都不能出线和压线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuuUq4k0MKe6YiiQLUfq1De"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)装卸货盘时门架要垂直，拉手刹，挂空档","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngUWu2UkIIMq40qzpWTDore"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(6)操作要平稳，不得碰撞和推移货盘，叉载时叉齿必须完全进入货盘，卸载时货盘必须放置在画线范围内并且堆叠要整齐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkimG82SaWsyeGa6Jbo4u7g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(7)行驶中货盘离地面200-300mm，门架要略往后倾，不得边行驶边调整货叉高度和角度;(8)不得原地打方向盘和长时间半联动行车","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQku6sMMW0iEe6FImOTQENc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(9)车没停稳不得反向起步","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqKUgm0mEG2gMOCuoMA0Nxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(10)倒车时必须向后瞭望，确定安全后再倒车","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyqGMW2e4wqiiEJybBjwHDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(11)动作要规范，操作要熟练准确，不得有明显的失误","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQUk48cGOacokJlgSfl7mpB"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(12)整个操作过程要连贯，中途不得无故停顿、反复操作和调整","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0ywWcGIy0SCKvthUlGPobx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(13)行驶中车轮不得频繁左摇右摆或车速过高造成单边车轮离地","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOY2KAkSKMuEeCmNO6uX7Jg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(14)行驶中双手不准同时离开方向盘","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAU2wGugaywcC0ZSkiD6R3i"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(15)操作完成后，整车必须停在车库内，挂空档，拉手刹，货叉水平落地，并鸣号示意;(16)听从指挥，不得有违规违纪行为。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYEqy2GQ2gWgcSg2FWbp2Sd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、考评要求：考评员要熟悉评分标准，严格按照考核评分表中的评分项目进行评分。个别项目由于包含的内容很多，如考核细则中“动作不规范或操作不熟练”一项，考评时要把握好评分尺度，因为驾驶操作要领中对头、眼、颈、身体、手、腿、脚等部位都有规范要求，考评时要把握尺度;对多次挂不入档、行驶中方向频繁两边摆、车速控制不稳、起步后溜等等，判为操作不熟练。考评时注意力一定要集中，做到公平公正，准确评分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqSgWauMWO2KUegalV75wUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、叉载“工”字行驶考试有二次机会，第一次不合格，可进行第二次操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqoEoC28EMeuiM55siWhaCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注：场内“8”字行驶，叉载“工”字行驶具体评分操作参考《叉车驾驶实操考核评分表》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2QG6MIwA028KmEqINFbOhd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":525,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"桩考","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/16820ad379974e30904832969fc6924d","width":937},"text":"","id":"doxcnGy4kOggS8Ok0inDTkutolb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"路考","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYiesGqGGiKGwMBAOtldMpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（一）考核要求：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY4W4E08uYGiMqeKpxrK8Ig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、时间设置：3～4分钟(行驶里程约1000m)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG4WS8qScQYsOspLqxRr9de"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、道路设置：行驶路线必须具有：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniCKKGyQsmuaiiUkwizedbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)8% ≤坡度 ≤15%","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoq4OiGAKGuAEGa6dUhmGQe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)十字路口","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUW6kQ84IymeUu6a9sDJxnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)不平路段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKiUmUyE44IyqSGtC1B3UNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)障碍路段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0qOYCOweCWseSYAitdyqWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)车辆掉头路段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaa2MesK4UyoC2LDgUSyiQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（二）考试内容：斜坡起步;换档变速;上坡和下坡;十字路口左转弯;不平路段行驶;狭窄路段调头;定点停车;交通标志的识别。(须叉载行驶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUgoS2QUe6K8G6TyWt5O2Xc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（三）考核评定：分合格与不合格两种。有下列情况之一的为不及格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnksqCMcGG8EA20qrxksSdkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、起步不打转向灯或发生间歇前冲、剧烈跳动的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngUW0MyKgmW6EAVlfZMKIue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、坡道起步后退的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMa40y6uessiOekhB8X7iKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、不能正确掌握方向，使车辆驶出路外或发生“划龙”行驶;一手换挡一手不能有效掌握方向盘;转弯角度过大使车辆偏离道路中心线行驶的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuW2IQs2eCwOgon9dFPQI6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、原地打方向;用半联动加大油门控制车速的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWaiMaEqmSgkkgNMGHQpoSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、未按换挡顺序越级换档;挂不进档位或挂挡时发生严重齿轮碰击响声;入错挡位的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngU80WYQ0YOq2uY6ZqsrWGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、不能根据路面、交通、载荷等情况合理运用动力和掌握换档时机正确控制车速的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnACYUSQ8G02iUOIdFMTNwmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、行至障碍路段、因操作不当使车辆无法行驶的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIg0YKmQs6uUuUFi3L7hDBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、停车不正或停在路中或停车过急的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngaY6qWkewg6E9xs5q8hlN2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、发动机中途熄火的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaUwiUawSiqqCs58mah1ezg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、狭窄路段调头不能三前两后完成的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6AaU8SMgGIK2KyJk7bPFmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11、转弯时，不会使用转向灯或不会通过倒后镜观察车后事物的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2qEea0G0qu2EUZceUfBTpd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"12、倒车没有向后瞭望的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8QAQAQEGCoqqAn2fAmS4Vf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"13、会车地点选择不正确，使双方无法行车。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuWK8MA4gSwoW8XhT3N6byh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"14、不懂交通标志或违反交通规则的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ8Gyq4KqckE2eQEVF1oTdh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"15、违反驾驶安全操作规程的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny6s8Sq8SmMYSoBGS4JGegf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"16、安全意识差，预见性差，缺乏应变能力的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny48g80MQkewUwxIxgNaq2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"17、不听从交通管理人员指挥或发生行车事故的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYGUqwgE66ICeOEjUm56mYc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"备考建议","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoi0GYCGO68m02T3HpuSY8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"叉车证的考试分为两大类别，理论考试和实操考试。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnii8kggq2EM0qCsGGRxV63b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"理论考试","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncIQ4UYQKWSYM29jSTZLsPe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"理论考试一般是考叉车驾驶的基本知识，以及一些安全知识。建议在驾考宝典APP上多进行刷题练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAiOeKYIMioqIedTm2syRob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"叉车驾驶员实操考试内容分两大项，桩考和路考。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOwukIgK0uUK2qowyNurSV6"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"实操考试内容分为场地考试和场内道路两个部分，场地考试合格后，才能进行场内道路的考试。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQU2OSamWq4EC6VvEbuvIxd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"实操考试","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyyKUseI0yY2gMlnOQoumsb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"场地考试技巧（桩考）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsO2G6qoau2acCqzaIf1KQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"场地考试考核考生叉车起步、前进、倒车、转向、停车、作业等基本操作的熟练和规范程度，并观察其判断和控制能力。考试采用单独驾驶的方式，按照规定的线路，完成规定的项目。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngyQW8QY4Iq2kCukjNhpqOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"考生完成以下考试流程动作，即完成该项目考试：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAcy6KauKYiMmYldeiSMjEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"甲库起步→前进至乙库，拆垛堆垛物件1→后退至丁库→前进至丙库并将堆垛物件1堆垛至空位→后退至货叉完全退出堆垛架→前进并拆垛堆垛物件2→后退至甲库→前进至乙库并将堆垛物件2堆垛至原空位→后退至甲库停车→结束。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2MM2mCeSaawEG48osJHk3w"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"场内道路考试技巧（路考）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK262CKW8GoS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（","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://zwfw.samr.gov.cn/server"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://zwfw.samr.gov.cn/server","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw2ueGeeea6UAUbFFwNbGTh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":955,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"领取方式","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b527b593661c4e2e857a1afcc21ba520","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcnSGiwM8qaccCIYd7VbQOKHg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"年审","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneOUg6KWU6w6ccDOZTGVTth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"按照规定，叉车驾驶证2011年以前发的证每两年年审一次，2011年7月份以后发的证是4年年审一次，每次年审都需要4天的时间。而且是初次领证的和年审的都在一起，前3天学习，最后一天才考试，考试通过后给予年审。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSOIccUY46Oe8RiVzHdY5fv"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E
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